Sudan on the Internet

Addaraweesh Magazine (London): In Arabic. On Sudanese political affairs.
http://members.tripod.com/~adaraweesh/

Africa Focus - Sudan: Policy and human rights issues on Sudan and U.S. relations. Highlights issues, provides links to more detailed information on each issue. Maintained by William Minter. http://www.africafocus.org/geo.php

African Union. The Situation in the Darfur Region of the Sudan: Decisions, documents, communiques, protocols, press releases by the African Union. [KF] http://www.africa-union.org/DARFUR/homedar.htm

Agricultural University of Norway. Noragric Centre for International Environment and Development Studies: Has many conservation, agricultural projects in Africa. Full text, in Adobe PDF, of Noragric Working Paper No. 19: Haug, Ruth (2000); Livelihood security among pastoralists in Northern Sudan: Post-hunger development in a country at war. (1,8 MB). See the Publications section for a list of print reports, other reports, a list of masters theses, many on Africa. Based in Ås, Norway. http://www.nlh.no/noragric/

Ahfad University for Women: A private university in Omdurman, Sudan dedicated to educating women. Describes academic program, history, library, etc. They publish the Ahfad Journal and are partners with the Sudan-American Foundation for Education. [KF] http://www.ahfad.org/

American Anti-Slavery Group (AASG) - i Abolish, the Anti-Slavery Portal: "a grassroots organization founded in 1993 to combat slavery around the world." Accounts of slavery in Mauritania and the Sudan, the work of American Anti-Slavery Group and Christian Solidarity International to free slaves in the Sudan. Interviews, news articles. Based in Boston, Massachusetts. [KF] http://www.iabolish.com/index.htm

American Friends of the Episcopal Church in the Sudan: Voluntary network of American Episcopalians with parishes, dioceses and foundations supporting the Episcopal Church of Sudan. Has a newsletter, Sudan Connections, the proposed Post-war Program by the Bishop of Mundri, letters from an Episcopal Priest serving in the Sudan. Holds an annual conference. Assists Sudanese in the U.S. Links to related sites. Based in Alexandria, Virginia. http://www.afrecs.org/

Arab Film Distribution: Distributes cinemas of the Arab world in North America. Has films from North Africa including the Sudan. All films have English subtitles. Based in Seattle, Washington. http://www.arabfilm.com

Arab World Geographer (Toronto): Has the table of contents and abstracts of articles. Includes articles on the Sudan, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa. The Editor-in-Chief is Professor Ghazi Falah, Centre for Urban & Community Studies, University of Toronto (Canada). http://www.frw.uva.nl/ggct/awg/welcome.html

Arabic News: Includes Sudan news. One can also receive free by email Arabic news plus news specific to one country of interest. Send email to : Subscription@ArabicNews.com
1. Put the word SUBSCRIBE in the subject
In the email body:
2. Add your first and last name to the first line. Example: John Doe
3. Add only one country of interest in the second line. Example: Sudan or Jordan etc. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/index.html

Bank of Sudan: Economic indicators, images of past currencies, photographs of past Bank Governors, daily, monthly and annual exchange rates, diagram of Sudan's banking system. Based in Khartoum. http://www.bankofsudan.org/ or http://www.sudanbank.org/

Bullfrog Films: Educational videos; has African studies titles. Distributes A Great Wonder on the "Lost Boys of Sudan." Based near Reading, Pennsylvania. [KF] http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/

Carradori, Arcangiolo - Arcangelo Carradori's Dictionary of Seventeenth-century Kenzi Nubian: With an Introduction by Jay Spaulding. "The Oldest Dictionary of an African Language." Dictionary orginally published by Carradori in the 17th century, in Italian. On the web site, Yourdictionary.com, based in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. http://www.yourdictionary.com/cgi-bin/nlkup.pl

Carter Center: Information re Jimmy Carter's efforts to mediate in the Sudan, etc. Use the SEARCH facility to retrieve information on the Sudan. http://www.emory.edu/CARTER_CENTER/homepage.htm

Catholic Relief Services - Sudan: Includes photographs of Darfur victims from refugee camps in Chad. http://www.catholicrelief.org/our_work/where_we_work/overseas/Africa/sudan/dafur_crisis.cfm

Center for the Advancement of Democratic Awareness in Sudan - CADAIS: "An advocacy organization dedicated to fostering democracy, human rights, and civil liberties in Sudan." Its Freedom News reports cover press freedom violations, violations of political freedoms, etc. The webmaster is Musa A. Murawih. Email address: cadais@cadais.org http://www.cadais.org

Center for Strategic and International Studies - "U.S. Policy to End Sudan's War": Final report of the CSIS Sudan Task Force, cochaired by Francis M. Deng and J. Stephen Morrison, pub Feb. 2001 (in Adobe PDF), 20 p. CSIS is a "public policy research institution dedicated to impact on global policy issues," based in Washington, D.C. http://www.csis.org/africa/sudan.pdf

Centre for the Strategic Initiatives of Women (Washington, D.C.): " In the Horn of Africa, CSIW's strengthens women's political participation in civil society for peace, democracy and human rights." Has a directory of Horn of Africa women's groups, maps. [KF] http://www.csiw.org/There are full text reports on -

Women's Right in Islam (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan)
Women's Work in Peace: Lessons from Training Projects in the Horn of Africa

Chemical Weapons in the Sudan: Allegations and Evidence, by Michael Barletta: Concerns the al-Shifa Pharmaceutical Factory in Khartoum. Article in The Nonproliferation Review, (Fall 1998, Volume 6 . Number 1, 22 pages), Center for Nonproliferation Studies. In Adobe pdf. Barletta is a Senior Research Associate at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey, California.
See also:
Sudan Weapons of Mass Destruction Capabilities and Programs.
Web Links regarding the US Attack on Alleged VX Precursor Production Plant in Khartoum, Sudan.
Al-Shifa Pharmaceutical Plant: Key Reports & Analyses of the U.S. Attack and CW Allegations. http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/barlet61.htm

China National Petroleum Corporation, CNPC: CNPC "formed a joint operating group with the Sudan National Petroleum Corporation (Sudapet), Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas), and Canadian STATE Petroleum Company" for petroleum exploration in the Southern Sudan. [Petronas "is Malaysia's national petroleum corporation...Wholly-owned by the Government, the corporation is vested with the entire oil and gas resources..."] [KF] http://www.cnpc.com.cn/english/

Christian Aid - Fuelling Poverty - Oil, War and Corruption: Full text report. 52 p. May 2003. In Adobe pdf. Includes Angola ("where oil revenues have fuelled a 30-year
civil war, from which the country is only just emerging" "Of the $5 billion the Angolan government receives in
oil revenues every year, it is estimated that more than US$1 billion goes missing."), Sudan ("a country still gripped by a civil war that has been fuelled, prolonged and part-financed by oil."). The web site includes audio and video of Joseph Fiennes' visit to Angola. http://www.christian-aid.org.uk/indepth/0305cawreport/fuellingpoverty.htm

Christian Solidarity Worldwide (formerly Christian Solidarity International): A "...human rights organsiation for religious liberty helping persecuted Christians and other suffering repression, victimised children and victims of disaster." Has country profiles, trip reports on the Sudan and a campaign to buy and set free Sudanese child slaves. An article citing UNICEF criticism of their work appeared in the New York Times, March 12, 1999, page A8. Based in the U.K. [KF] http://www.csw.org.uk

Civilian Protection Monitoring Team, CPMT: The CPMT is a verification team to monitor attacks against civilians in the Sudan. Has full text reports on attacks against civilians, current news from various sources, the agreement between the Sudan Government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement, photographs.. "The CPMT is a contract operation funded by United States Government; a private US professional services company provides the international monitors......Although funded by the United States, the CPMT operates independently of the United States Government, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement." Based in Khartoum, Sudan. http://www.cpmtsudan.org/

clari.world.africa.eastern: Includes Agence France Presse wire stories on the Sudan. Your internet service provider must subscribe to this Clarinet news services for access. news:clari.world.africa.eastern

Coalition Against Slavery in Mauritania And Sudan, Inc. (CASMAS): A New York based organization to "fight for the eradication of the chattel enslavement of black Africans." Has articles, their newsletter, information on the film, "Mauritania and the African SlaveTrade: 1996. A Documentary", and links to related organizations. http://members.aol.com/casmasalc/

Coalition For Darfur: Current news about the Darfur situation. Links to related sites. http://coalitionfordarfur.blogspot.com/

Coalition for International Justice: NGO which was hired by the U.S. Agency for International Development to determine if the deaths in Darfur, Sudan in the early 2000s constituted genocide. The Coalition found approx. 400,000 deaths occurred in Darfur as a result of the war. See April 2005 press release, in PDF and Darfur Mortality Table, in PDF. See New York Times article, May 18, 2005, "The Mournful Math of Darfur: the Dead Don't Add Up," by Marc Lacey. Based in Washington, D.C. http://www.cij.org/

Cold War International History Project (Washington, D.C.)

Established at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, supports the release of historical materials by governments, seeks to disseminate new perspectives on Cold War history. http://cwihp.si.edu
Has full text reports -

Anatomy of a Third World Cold War Crisis: New East-bloc Evidence on the Horn of Africa, 1977-1978.

The Horn, the Cold War, and New Documents from the Former East-bloc: An Ethiopian View, by Ermias Abebe
Moscow, Mengistu, and the Horn, by Paul B. Henze
East Germany and the Horn Crisis: Documents on SED Afrikapolitik, by Christian F. Ostermann
Russian and East German Documents on the Horn of Africa, 1977-1978

Columbia International Affairs Online: Subscribers only; many universities subscribe. Use their Search to locate many full text articles, reports, briefings, by keyword, author, date, institution. Examples - "Chemical Weapons in the Sudan: Allegations and Evidence" by Michael Barletta; "Christianity and Islam in Africa's Political Experience: Piety, Passion and Power" Ali A. Mazrui; "Religion and Conflict in Sudan: A Non-Muslim Minority in the Muslim State" by Yehudit Ronen. http://www.ciaonet.org/

COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa: "COMESA [formerly the PTA] exists as an organisation of free independent sovereign states which have agreed to co-operate in developing their natural and human resources for the good of all their people'. With its 19 member states and population of 300 million it forms a major integrated trading block." Has information on customs tariffs by country, road/transport including road distances, economic profiles for each country (includes the Sudan) etc. Has the text of Doing Business with COMESA: the Handbook, legal guides to establishing business, etc. http://www.comesa.int/

Committee to Protect Journalists: Based in New York city, is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization which does not accept govt. funding. Use their search facility to locate 1995-1997 articles on the Sudan.
Main page: http://www.cpj.org
Contact for Africa - Kakuna Kerina: africa@cpj.org

Communist Party of Sudan: In Arabic and English. Press releases, position documents, their Information Bulletin, links to related sites. [KF] Site based in the U.K. http://www.midan.net/

Connell, Dan - "Sudan: Recasting U.S. Policy": "Millions have died or been forcibly displaced from their homes in Africa's longest running civil war. Massive injections of U.S. and Soviet arms have kept the war raging between northern and southern Sudan for nearly a half-century. A new multiethnic and explicitly secular opposition has arisen to challenge the current Islamist regime." From Foreign Policy in Focus, Volume 5, Number 40, November 2000. Published by Interhemispheric Resource Center (Silver City, NM) and the Institute for Policy Studies (Washington, D.C.). http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol5/v5n40sudan.html

Content ^ Bridge: State of Sudan's Film & Creative Industries, new African films, film festivals. Related links such as photographs of African cinema locales. Maintained by Todd Lester, an independent consultant for participatory and development communications. http://www.contentbridge.net/

Crisis in Sudan Darfur Internet Links: Articles, web sites, maps, how to help. Compiled by Martha Saavedra, Associate Director, Center for African Studies, U.C. Berkeley. http://ias.berkeley.edu/africa/Courses/Lectures/Darfur-Links.htm

Cultural Orientation - Sudan Refugees: Background information on refugees from the Sudan, includes a bibliography and links to related sites. From the Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. http://www.culturalorientation.net/fact_sudan.html

Danforth, John C. - Outlook for Peace in the Sudan: Report of an international commission created by the U.S. government. Full text in Adobe pdf. April 2002. 35 p. Danforth is the Special Envoy for Peace in the Sudan of the George W. Bush administration. Chair of the Commission was Penn Kemble. Other members were George Moose, a former US assistant secretary of state for Africa; British members John Lyle and Sarah Uppard; Norwegians Leif Manger and Lars Kvalvaag; and Italian Elena Scisco. [KF] http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/05/20020514-11.html; UN IRIN Release March 26, 2002: http://allafrica.com/stories/200203260188.html; State Dept. Press Release March 25, 2002: http://usinfo.state.gov/af/a2032501.htm; State Dept. Press Release April 12, 2002: http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/global/traffic/02041201.htm

DANIDA, Danish International Development Assistance: Includes - Afforestation and reforestation project in the state of Sudan (1993/6). Report or summary in text.
Report in plain text: http://www.ingenioeren.dk/danida/1993-6.txt
Summary: http://www.ingenioeren.dk/danida/1993-6s.txt
http://www.ingenioeren.dk/danida/danida.html

Darb al-Intifada: In Arabic and English. Articles from newspapers, interviews with political leaders, from the Sudan. Accounts of extra-judicial killings reportedly by the National Islamic Front (NIF) which controls the present government. Maintained by Darb Alintifada (The Voice of the Democratic Alliance). Email: april1985@hotmail.com; http://www.intifada.org/
Darb Al-intifada - Voice of the Democratic Alliance: Electronic newsletter. Seeks to "uproot the National Islamic Front regime", for a secular constitution, supports the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). To join Darb Alintifada one must be 18 or older, support their program. Send a request with your full name to: april1985@juno.com; Issues are also posted to the email list Africa-L.

Darfur Information Centre: Information about the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) formerly the Darfur Liberation Front. Links to maps, news, history, articles. Maintained by Dr. Ali Dinar, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. http://www.darfurinfo.org/

Durham University - Sudan Archive: The finding aid for Durham's Sudan Archive which contains the papers of over 260 institutions and individuals (administrators, soldiers, missionaries and others who served in the Sudan), from 1883-1956, is online. The finding aid includes the papers of General Sir Reginald Wingate, Sir Harold MacMichael, Sir James Robertson, and the Gordon Memorial College Trust Fund. Has some material from the post-independence period and papers relating to countries bordering the Sudan. The Sudan Archive includes photographs, films, maps, museum objects. http://www.dur.ac.uk/Library/asc/sudan/index.html; Durham University Library has holdings of books, periodicals and ephemeral material on the Sudan. To access their online catalog, see: http://www.dur.ac.uk/Library/lib/index.html

eAfrica - Special Feature: Darfur and the Politics of Genocide: Electronic Journal of Governance and Innovation from the South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, South Africa. Volume 2, November 2004 is a special on Darfur. http://www.saiia.org.za/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=296

Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: Edited by Siegbert Uhlig. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2003 - ISBN: 3447047461. Web site about the print encyclopaedia which covers Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan. Coverage is from prehistoric times up to 1974. A page of corrections to Vol. 1 is available. Has links to related sites. Editorial headquarters are at the Institute of African and Ethiopian Studies, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany. http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/EAE/

Vol. 1 is in "Selected Reference Books, 2003" in the official journal of the Assocation of College and Research Libraries, American Library Association, College & Research Libraries, March 2004, Vol. 65, No. 2, p. 171. From the article - "destined to be the classic resource in its area for years to come" "By any measure, this is an outstanding achievement..."

Encyclopedia of the Orient: An internet only encyclopedia. Has articles on the Sudan, many contributed by Abubakr Sidahmed who maintains the Nubian Home Page. Encyclopedia created by Tore Kjeilen. http://i-cias.com/e.o/index.htm

Enough Project - Democracy: A Key to Peace In Sudan: Report by John Prendergast and Roger Winter. Jan. 9, 2008. "There are three major electoral milestones critical to the implementation of the CPA over the next three years: 1) the population census in April 2008; 2) the national elections by July 2009; and 3) a self-determination referendum for Southern Sudan by March 2011." "We are focusing currently on the situations in Congo, northern Uganda, Darfur, southern Sudan and the spillover violence in Chad." Based in Washington, D.C. http://www.enoughproject.org/node/577

Ethnologue - Sudan: From the publication, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 13th ed. (Dallas, Tx.: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1996), edited by Barbara F. Grimes. Provides number of speakers, dialects, linguistic affiliation, etc.
Sudan Page: http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/Suda.html
Main Page: http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/ethnologue.html

European Coalition on Oil in Sudan: "...a coalition of European organizations working for peace for Sudan..." "We invite the oil companies operating in Sudan.....to suspend their operations until there is peace. We urge the European governments to actively discourage investment in Sudan's oil sector..." News, full text reports, list of international oil industry companies. Based in Utrecht, the Netherlands. [KF] http://www.ecosonline.org
Reports include -

Evangelicals for Darfur: Supports the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force in Darfur and multilateral economic sanctions. In partnership with the Save Darfur Coalition. Based in Washington, D.C. http://go.sojo.net/campaign/evangelicalsfordarfur

Expo Team For Services Co. Ltd.: In Arabic and English. Private Sudanese international trade and finance brokers. Promotes investment, services (i.e locate a local agent, obtain government approvals, advertising and promotion, organizes exhibitions, undertakes P.R. campaigns for international organizations in Sudan.) Publishes the Sudan Poultry Magazine. Based in Khartoum. http://www.expoteams.com

Facing History [Sudan]: Resources for teachers on genocide and the Darfur, Sudan crisis. Has curriculum unit on Darfur. "Facing History helps students find meaning in the past and recognize the need for participation and responsible decision making." Loans videos (such as Lost Boys of Sudan) to educators in the Facing History network. Has a video clip by K. Anthony Appiah on the value of Facing History programs. Based in Brookline, Massachusetts. [KF] http://www.facinghistorycampus.org/

France. Ministere des affaires etrangeres. Les carnet d'archeologie: In French with an English abstract. Includes Le site archéologique de Gism el-Arba, L'île de Saïin, and Sedeinga in the Sudan. http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/culture/france/archeologie/index.html

Frontline - Sudan, the Quick and the Terrible: "reporter Amy Costello travels...into Sudan's war-torn Darfur region to learn about the roots of what many consider to be an ongoing genocide." Who's who in Darfur, synopsis of the program, interview with Costello, facts and statistics, video of the program, map, links to related Sudan sites, readers' comments on Sudan issues. [KF] http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/sudan/

Frontline Fellowship (Newlands, South Africa): "exist to further the cause of world evangelisation by missionary outreach to resistant or neglected areas and groups in Southern Africa." Has field reports from Angola, Namibia, Sudan, Zambia, Mozambique, newsletter reports on Sudan, Zimbabwe, sells books on related topics. http://www.frontline.org.za

Global IDP: Very fine site. Profiles of internally displaced persons in over twenty countries (Angola, Burundi, DRC, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda). Extensive historical background, political situation, protection issues, international response, statistics, graphs, maps, sources used with links to online sources. From the Norwegian Refugee Council, Global IDP Project, based in Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.idpproject.org/

Gordon, Major-General Charles George. "The Siege of Khartoum" from The Journals of Major-General C.G. Gordon, C.B., at Kartoum. (London: 1885), pp. 378-395.: Excerpt from the book. On Hillsdale College's web site, "Documents in Military History," a collection of primary sources mainly on European military history before the twentieth century. Maintained by Dr. Dave Stewart, History Dept., Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI. http://www.hillsdale.edu/dept/History/Documents/War/19e/Empire/1884-Khartoum-Gordon.htm

Graham (Billy) Center Archives, Wheaton College, IL: Collections on African Christianity from mainly North American Protestant missionaries and some African churches and organizations. Most records are 20th century; 75% concern east or central Africa. Collections include those of the Africa Inland Mission and individual missionaries. The African Inland Mission was especially active in Sudan, and other countries. Has a page of Collections with Information About Missions to Africa. A 48 page list of the Graham Center's Africa-related collections is available by e-mail from: bgcarc@david.wheaton.edu
AIM Archives: gopher://gopher.wheaton.edu:70/11/Wheaton_Archives/BGC/Guides/Coll
Missions to Africa: http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/africa.html
BGC Archives: http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/archhp1.html

Greater Horn Information Exchange: Excellent site with information from FAO, UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, U.S. Geological Survey, etc., as well as USAID. Includes human rights reports. Covers Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda.
Sudan Page: http://www.info.usaid.gov/HORN/sudan/sudan/sudan.html
Main Page: http://www.info.usaid.gov/HORN/

Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century: Has a map of Africa in the early 1900s showing colonial possessions, a map of the Maji Maji rebellion 1905-1906, boundaries of the former Biafra (Nigeria), Southern Africa 1968-1975, the Chad civil war mid to late 1980s, Sudan civil war 1983. M. White is a librarian, see his FAQ. The Systems of Government maps are not quite accurate. http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/20centry.htm

Human Rights Watch - Crisis in Darfur: Background, interviews, map, photographs, videos. http://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=darfur

Human Rights Watch - Sudan: Has full text reports on the Sudan and full text articles, the World Report 2003, World Report 2002, World Report 2000 on the Sudan, Famine in Sudan, 1998. For other reports, use the Search page. HRW is a nongovernmental organization established to monitor and promote human rights. It is supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds. http://www.hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=sudan

[Ibrahim] Mo Ibrahim Foundation: In English, French, Portuguese, Kiswahili, Arabic. Issues the Ibrahim Index of African Governance, a ranking of sub-Saharan African nations according to governance quality. The first Index appeared Sept. 2007 with details of rankings.Awards the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership to a former African head of state "who has demonstrated excellence in African leadership." Mo Ibrahim is the Sudanese founder of Celtel International, a mobile telephone company. [KF] http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/

INCORE Guide to Sources on Conflict and Ethnicity in the Sudan: The Initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (INCORE), is a joint initiative of the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland and the United Nations University. INCORE has a annotated guide to internet sources on conflict and ethnicity in the Sudan. http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/cds/countries/sudan.html

Indiana University Libraries. Nuer Field Notes: A project to "preserve and make accessible a set of linguistic field notes [on the Nuer language] recorded by Eleanor Vandevort, who was a missionary in the South Sudan between 1949 and 1963." Includes the full text of the book, A Leopard Tamed, by Eleanor Vandevort, a biography of Eleanor Vandevort, by Dr. Marion Frank-Wilson, a History of Colonial and Missionary Linguistics in the Southern Sudan, by Dr. Edward Miner, Pedagogical Grammar of Nuer, slides of life in Southern Sudan, and a bibliography. [KF] http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/nuer/

Inter-Church Coalition on Africa, ICCAF (Toronto): "...a coordinated response by Canadian Churches to promote social and economic justice in Sub-Saharan Africa.....Three over-arching themes permeate ICCAF's work: Human Rights, Economic Justice, and the Media Image of Africans." Has reports on Angola, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Women's Rights. Offers free e-mail reports Based in Toronto, Canada. http://www.web.net/~iccaf/

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD): Site has closed down. Formerly the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) which was created in 1986 by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda to co-ordinate development in the Horn of Africa. The State of Eritrea became the seventh member of IGADD in September 1993 after its independence. Has press releases. Based in Djibouti. http://www.igad.org/

International Boundaries Reseach Unit, University of Durham: Founded 1989 at the Univ. of Durham (UK). Has a keyword searchable News Database which retrieves articles from the BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, West Africa, Keesings, and other sources.Has a discussion list, Int-Boundaries. [KF] http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/resources/newsarchive.html

International Conference on Sudan Studies, Fifth, University of Durham, 30th August - 1st September 2000: Hosted by the Univ. of Durham, Dept. of History.
Dept. of History: http://www.dur.ac.uk/History/
Conference: http://www.dur.ac.uk/%7Edhi0jw/

International Crisis Group - Crisis in Darfur: Covers: Present Situation, History, Humanitarian Situation, Analysis, News, Documents, Maps, What Needs to be Done. "an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation, with over 110 staff members on five continents." Based in Brussels, Belgium. [KF] http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=3060&l=1

International Crisis Group - Sudan: The ICG is "a private, multinational organisation committed to strengthening the capacity of the international community to anticipate, understand and act to prevent and contain conflict." Has many full text reports on the situation in the Sudan. Based in Brussels, Belgium. http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/project.cfm?subtypeid=21; Example of reports -
The EU/AU Partnership in Darfur: Not Yet a Winning Combination (25 October 2005)
Darfur Deadline: a New International Action Plan (2004 August) -includes a map with regions
Sudan: Now or Never in Darfur (2004 May)
Sudan: Towards an Incomplete Peace (2003 December); Capturing the Moment: Sudan's Peace Process in the Balance (2002 April); God, Oil and Country: Changing the Logic of War in Sudan (2002 January, 275 pp.)
Dialogue or Destruction? Organising for Peace as the War in Sudan Escalates (2002 June, 31 pp.)
Sudan's Best Chance for Peace: How Not to Lose It.(2002 Sept., 47 p.)

International Crisis Group - Sudan Endgame: Full text, in Adobe pdf. 45 p. Pub. July 2003. "Sudan’s peace process is entering its final, most difficult phase and it is essential that the United States make a clear commitment to its bilateral relationship with Sudan and remain closely involved in the post-agreement process. The resolution of outstanding issues such as the status of the national capital, the presidency and security arrangements will require a ‘grand bargain’ between the government in Khartoum and the SPLA in the South....." http://www.crisisweb.org

International Crisis Group - Sudan's Other Wars: Full text report, in Adobe pdf. Published June 2003. "The two-party framework in which Sudan’s peace talks are being held is not adequately addressing all the country’s current armed conflicts: especially the long-running rebellions in the “Three Areas” (Abyei, the Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile) in the North, and the more recent outbreak of armed conflict in Darfur in western Sudan." http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid=1020

International Directory of Middle East Scholarsd: One can retrieve a list of scholars interested in the Sudan -
gopher://gopher.cc.columbia.edu:71/11/clioplus/scholarly/MidEast/Scholars Maintained by Frank Unlandherm, Middle East Studies Librarian at Columbia University (NYC).; http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/MiddleEast/directories.html

International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG): "an effort to engage civil society groups and individuals in exploring alternative approaches to security policy." Has full text reports on the Horn of Africa military profiles, Kenya, Somalia, Somaliland, Sudan, Uganda. From Project Ploughshares, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ploughshares.ca/content/BUILD%20PEACE/IRG.html

Full text Sudan reports are on "Civil-Military Relations in the Sudan," "The Military-Civilian Constitutional Relationship: The Case of the SPLA in Southern Kordofan and Eastern Sudan."

Internet Society - Sudan Internet Society, SIS: In English and Arabic. Maintains the Sudan Country Code Top Level Domain ".SD" Registry. Provides "leadership in addressing key issues about the roles and uses of Internet." Lists the domain name categories with prices. Based in Khartoum. [KF] http://www.isoc.sd

[Jal] Emmanuel Jal: Jal is a Sudanese hip hop performer. Tour dates, audio clip, photographs. "In Waat, Emmanuel met Emma McCune, an British aid worker who had famously married the rebel commander Riek Machar. She rescued the eleven-year-old Emmanuel - who had by then spent five years with the SPLA - and adopted him. She smuggled him into Nairobi but, tragically, she was killed a few months later in 1993 in a car accident. Emmanuel attended school, which Emma's friends financed, and after forming several music groups he produced his own single" - World Music Network articles. Article - "Straight Out of Sudan: A Child Soldier Raps", New York Times, Oct. 2, 2005. http://www.emmanueljalonline.net/

Journal of Humanitarian Assistance: A free e-journal based at Cambridge University. Has some Sudan information. http://www-jha.sps.cam.ac.uk

Justice Africa: "research institute and advocacy organisation founded in 1999 in London to campaign for human rights and social justice across Africa." The directors are Dr. Alex de Waal, Dr Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, and Yohannes Ajawin. Full text reports on the Sudan (Darfur), HIV / AIDS, and Security. Justice Africa Sudan section. Weekly blog by Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem. Based in London. http://www.justiceafrica.org/

Justice and Equality Movement: In English, Arabic, German, French. Site for one of the rebel organizations. Background on the Darfur rebellion. A translation in English of The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan. In the Black Book, "Using statistics, the authors claim that Sudan is controlled by only one Region (Northern Region) with just over 5% of Sudan’s population. Within this hegemonic Region, power is monopolised by only three ethnic groups. The Book then gave detailed statistics about the hegemony of the Northern Region over the whole the county." Article - Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap, by Alex de Waal. http://www.sudanjem.com/

Kaplan, Marion - Photographs: Kaplan writes - "Born in London, I lived as photojournalist and writer in Africa for twenty years." Includes photos of arab dhows, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, political figures (Bokassa, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, Idi Amin), wild animals, etc.. http://www.marionkaplan.com/

El-Karafab, a village in the North of Sudan: In Arabic. The site owner is Salahuddin Hamza Elhassan. .http://www.hostinganime.com/salahamza/salah/karafab.html

Kevane, Michael - Academic Papers: Prof. Kevane is on the faculty of the Department of Economics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA. Has the full text of papers in Adobe pdf format or html on women's labor in Burkina Faso, households in Sudan and Burkina Faso, gendered land rights in Burkina, women's land tenure status, why wealthier farmers have higher yields in Western Sudan, identity economics in Northern Sudan, etc. http://lsb.scu.edu/~mkevane/mkpapers.htm

Kevane, Michael - Sudan: Prof. Kevane's commentary, articles on the Sudan. Kevane was President of the Sudan Studies Association (U.S.) 2002-2005. Includes his chapter on the Sudan 2001-2002 for Africa Contemporary Record. Also link to the syllabus for his class, African Economic Development. http://lsb.scu.edu/~mkevane/sudan.shtml

Lessons Learned from U.S. Humanitarian Interventions Abroad. Edited by Thomas S. Blanton (May 9, 2000): (National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 30 ). "report from inside the U.S. government on the successes and failures of the most recent U.S. humanitarian interventions abroad, including Kosovo, Sudan,..." On the site of the National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB30/index.html

Library of Congress Country/Area Studies Handbooks: Has most of the full-text of the Army Area Handbooks long used as basic reference sources. Information on the history, society, economy, politics, national security of each country. Covers the Sudan. One can search across all countries or any combination of countries and browse the table of contents for a specific country.
Sudan: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sdtoc.html; Countries page: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html#toc/

Lobban, Richard - Chronolgy of Ancient Nubia [Sudan]: Covers from 3-1.5 Million BP to 1504 AD. From the book, Historical Dictionary of Ancient Nubia, Scarecrow Press. To be pub. 2002. One can contact Dr. Lobban at: rlobban@ric.edu http://www.theNubian.net/chrnology.htm

Lobe, Jim - U.S.-Sudan Terrorism Ties Spell Disaster for Anti-Khartoum Activists: Sept. 25, 2001 article. The U.S.'s closer ties to the Sudan government, post Sept. 11, 2001, will hurt the cause of the Southern Sudan opposition. From Foreign Policy in Focus, based in Washington, D.C. http://www.fpif.org/selfdetermination/news/0109sudan.html

Lost Boys of Sudan: Award-winning documentary film about two Sudanese refugee boys and their experiences in U.S. society. Producer / Directors: Megan Mylan and Jon Shenk. Study guide with classroom ideas and essays by Sudanese refugees and Sudan experts. Ideas for assisting refugees and victims of Darfur. The 87 minute film, in English and Dinka with subtitles, may be purchased. Site based in San Francisco, California. http://www.LostBoysFilm.com

Lost Boys of Sudan: Site about the book by Mark Bixler. Reviews, links to related sites. Bixler is a journalist with the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.lostboysbook.com

Lost in America - By Leigh Flayton: "It was supposed to be a storybook tale of young refugees triumphing against all odds. But an alarming number of Sudan's "Lost Boys" have spiraled into alcohol abuse, crime and even fratricide. What went wrong?" Article in Salon.com the online magazine. You need to click on their ad to read the article unless you subscribe to Salon.com http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/08/25/lost_boys/index_np.html

Mapping Asia in UK Libraries: Provides collection descriptions of resources held in U.K. university, special and public libraries. Includes the Sudan. Read about the Sudan Archive at the University of Durham Library. Find information on Sudan newspapers and holdings in U.K. libraries. Read a report on Asian language expertise in U.K. libraries. The project was funded by the Research Support Libraries Programme and covers Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. [KF] http://www.asiamap.ac.uk/background/areadoc.php

Mathaba Network - United States of Africa: Information on Libya, a BBC video about bombing of a Sudan school, account by Louis Istvan Szondy, a British and Australian citizen, of torture and detention in the Sudan, the Western Sahara situation, plus a vareity of human rights sites (not annotated). Based in London. http://www.mathaba.net/index1.htm

Al-Midan: The Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) official newspaper. Established in 1954. In Arabic. http://members.theglobe.com/maidan/news.htm

Middle East Journal: List of some articles on the Sudan in the journal of the Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C. http://www2.ari.net/mei/sudan.html

Middle East Research & Information Project, MERIP (Washington, D.C.): MERIP is a a non-profit, non-governmental organization, over 30 years old. Use the Search to locate articles on the Sudan such as "Migration, Modernity and Islam in Rural Sudan" by Victoria Bernal and "Sudan's Opposition and the US," by Dan Connell. [KF] http://www.merip.org/

MSANEWS: E-newsletter, often reprints articles from the Southern Sudan Bulletin (journal of the Southern Sudan Foundation, London).
To subscribe to MSANEWS, send email to: owner-msanews@lists.acs.ohio-state.edu
Their web site has past issues from 1995. One can do a keyword search for topics but will need to search through the issue for the topic. http://www.mynet.net/~msanews/

MtvU - Darfur is Dying: Online game from mtvU (music video TV program for university students) designed to raise awareness of the issues around the Darfur situation. See the BBC article July 6, 2006 on the game. http://www.mtvu.com/on_mtvu/activism/

Network Startup Resource Center: Information on the internet and networking in Sudan. Has full text documents providing a history of the internet in Sudan. NSRC, run by Randy Bush, John Klensin, Steven Huter, Michael Downhill, is a major site for information on electronic networking in Africa. http://www.nsrc.org/db/lookup/ISO=SD

New Sudanese Indigenous NGOs Network (NESI Network): New Sudanese Indigenous NGOs Network (NESI Network) is an indigenous civilian body comprised of 66 local member organizations operating in the five regions of South Sudan http://www.ngoconnect.net/ev_en.php?ID=3478_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC

NNS (NGO Networking Service) - Horn of Africa Notes: Aug. 1994- May 1995 issues of a "monthly newsletter from Addis Ababa covering many grassroots developments relating to the Horn of Africa.". On the web site of the International Political Economy Network (Boulder, Colo.). The site also has an NNS paper on structural adjustment and trade in the Horn (nns.esap.position.paper).
http://csf.colorado.edu/ipe/africa.html

Nuba Mountains: News, information, documents (Naivasha Protocol, etc.), interviews, accounts, and photographs (1997-2006) by Nanne op 't Ende, from the Netherlands. Also has historical photographs by various photographers including Leni Riefenstahl. Maintained by Nanne op 't Ende. [KF] http://home.planet.nl/~ende0098/

Nubia Discussion List: Discussion group for those interested in Nubian culture, language, history, economic, social and political life. To subscribe, send email to: listserv%saksu00.bitnet@interbit.cren.net
In the message area put: subscribe nubia YourFirstName LastName

Nubianet: History of Nubia the area partly in southern Egypt and partly in northern Sudan. Articles such as "How Much Can We Trust the Writen Record?" and "Where does Nubia fit in the Context of Nile Valley Civilization and the Ancient World?" Section for kids. Links to related sites. Conceived by Northeastern Univ. Professor Ron Bailey and Marcia Baynes. Produced by Education Development Center, Newton Massachusetts. [KF] http://www.nubianet.org/

Nubian.Net: Maintained by Abubakr Sidahmed, Sudanese architect "living in the U.A.E. for the last two decades." Includes a Who's Who compiled by Mr. Sidahmed, history, links to related sites, and articles in the Encylopedia of the Orient by Mr. Sidahmed. Mr. Sidahmed also maintains the Nubia Home Page: http://i-cias.com/private/abubakr/nubia/index.htm
Nubian.net:: http://www.theNubian.net

Omni Resources: Sells maps of Sudan (geologic, travel, topographic) and other countries. Also sells continent and regional maps (minerals, oil and gas, geologic, travel, political).Has a flag image. Based in Burlington, North Carolina. http://www.omnimap.com/catalog/int/sudan.htm

The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago: Nubia Salvage Project. The Institute participated in the 1960s UNESCO effort to rescue archaeology from the rising waters of the Aswan High Dam. Artifacts recovered from that effort were presented in two exhibitions -
Nubia, Its Glory and Its People, 1987 Exhibition. Description and history by Bruce Williams.
Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile, The Rediscovery of Ancient Nubia, 1992 Exhibition. Includes an image of a Nubian princess ca. 1320 B.C.
Nubia Slavage Project: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/NUB/Nubia.html; Photographic Archives. Seven historical photographs from the Sudan (Nubia). A sample of photographs taken by Institute expeditions in the early 20th century.
Sudan page: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/SUDAN/Sudan_Gen.html
Photographic Archives main page: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/OI_PA.html

Oriental Institiute. The 1905-1907 Breasted Expeditions to Egypt and the Sudan: A Photographic Study: "This document is a revised catalog of the 1,055 photographs [taken by Professor James Henry Breasted and his colleagues] contained in an Oriental Institute text/microfiche publication entitled THE 1905-1907 BREASTED EXPEDITIONS TO EGYPT AND THE SUDAN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY." Based at the University of Chicago. http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/EGYPT/BEES/BEES.html

Our Pledge - Americans Against the Darfur Genocide: How to lobby your Senator, Congressman, the White House. News updates. Darfur background. Community organizing guide. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area. http://www.ourpledge.org/

Persecution Project: "founded in 1997 for the express purpose of collecting and disseminating information about the worldwide incidence of Christian persecution, with particular focus on Africa." "Persecution Project Director Brad Phillips is a frequent guest on conservative and Christian talk radio programs aired around the country." Based in Vienna, Virginia. http://www.persecutionproject.org/index.html

Physicians for Human Rights (PHR): PHR "mobilizes the health professions and enlists support from the general public to protect and promote the human rights of all people." AIDS campaign, Darfur, Sudan Survival Campaign; a full text report on War-related Sexual Violence in Sierra Leone (155 p. in PDF, pub. 2002). Based in Boston, Massachusetts. http://www.phrusa.org/index.html

Piccione, Peter A.: History of Nubia from the Palaeolithic era to the Kingdom of Kush. Part of a course, given at Northwestern Univ., on the History of Ancient Egypt by Dr. Piccione of the Oriental Institute, Univ. of Chicago. Includes a bibliography. http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/

Political Parties and Organizations

Arab Baath Socialist Party (Sudan): In Arabic. Political party. Part of the the National Democratic Alliance. The site includes part of the party's history and archives as well as editorials, interviews, declarations.[CA] http://sudanbaath.20m.com/

See also -; al-Hadaf(Khartoum)
In Arabic. Online version of Arab Baath Socialist Party newspaper published monthly in Khartoum. Web site based in Switzerland. http://www.elhadaf.net/

Communist Party of Sudan: In Arabic and English. Press releases, position documents, their Information Bulletin, links to related sites. [KF] Site based in the U.K. http://www.midan.net/

Democratic Unionist Party: In Arabic and English. Along with a Short biography of Ismail Al-Azhari "Prime minister (1954 - 1956)" and the history of some political parties, a copy of 'The Sudanese peace initiative 1988" signed by John Garang and Osman el-Mirghani is provided. Provides text and translation of Koranic sections as well as links to various Sudanese periodicals. Website based in the San Leandro, California.[CA] http://www.dupusa.com/

National Alliance for the Restoration of Democracy in Sudan, NARD: "a group of individuals who strive to encourage human rights in Sudan." See also information on Democratic Forces Front, GAD "a transliteration of the word 'serious' in Arabic--stands for a joint force of southerners and northerners in Sudan fighting for democracy and human rights." On the web site of DC Registry which offers free web pages to Washington D.C. individuals/organizations. [KF] http://dcregistry.com/homepages/NARD.html

National Democratic Alliance, NDA: In Arabic and English. A coalition of opposition parties with headquarters in Asmara, Eritrea. Osman el-Mirghani is Chair of the NDA and leader of the DUP [Democratic Unionst Party]. Includes party charter, structure, press releases, speeches, resolutions, declarations, and an active chat room.[CA] http://www.ndasudan.org

Nile Valley Congress: In Arabic and English. Political party founded by Lt-Gen (Retd) Umar Zarruq. Seeks Unity with Egypt "..."Ability" and "Danger" are the two key points in the equation of national security in Sudan and Egypt. It is important to identify the common, and sometimes contradicting, sites of "ability" and "danger" in the two states. Providing a common understanding of these two key points is a major step in the unification / integration of Sudan and Egypt....". Site includes party manifesto, structure and links to major Arabic periodicals and news agencies. [CA] http://www.nilevalleysd.com/

Popular National Congress, PNC: In Arabic. Political party. The party was created by Hassan el-Turabi in July 200, after he was replaced as leader of the ruling National Congress party. The site includes the party manifesto, party declarations, news and a copy of el-Turabi's book "al-siyasah wa-al-hukm" and pictures of el-Turabi and Osman el-Mirghani (Chair of the National Democratic Alliance and leader of the Democratic Unionist Party). [CA] http://www.ncsudan.org

South Sudan Liberation Mouvement, SSLM: In English. "The South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM) formed in January 2000, in Upper Nile Region of South Sudan, to restore unity and democratic civic order among a people that have been devastated by lawlessness, overlooked by the outside world since 1991, and politically neutralized,..." Includes party manifesto, structure, declarations, press releases. http://www.geocities.com/sslm4peace/

Sudan Liberation Movement and the Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/A): In Arabic and English. Formerly the Darfur Liberation Front. "The objective of SLM/A is to create a united democratic Sudan on a new basis of equality, complete restructuring and devolution of power, even development, cultural and political pluralism and moral and material prosperity for all Sudanese." Political declaration, press statements Based in Darfur. Web site registerd in the Tokelau domain by DotTK, a joint venture of the Government of Tokelau, it's communication company Teletok and Taloha, Inc., a privately held company. [KF] http://www.slma.tk

Sudan National Alliance & Sudan Alliance Forces: In Arabic and English."SAF is a democratic resistance organization dedicated to: *Overthrowing the Islamic fundamentalist dictatorship in Sudan. *Replacing it with a functioning democracy." Formed in August 1994. "SAF believes that two Sudan at peace is better than one Sudan at war with itself, and SAF supports the right of the southern Sudanese to self-determination." News, articles. Site based in Poland. [KF] http://www.safsudan.com/

Sudan National Alliance /Sudan Alliance Forces: In Arabic and English. Old site of the SAF. "SAF is a democratic resistance organization dedicated to: Overthrowing the Islamic fundamentalist dictatorship in Sudan. Replacing it with a functioning democracy...". Has Arabic and English copies of the SNA/SAF & SPLM/A union declaration, documents, party manifesto, press releases, interviews, list of party's offices abroad. [CA] http://www.safsudan.org/index.htm

Sudan National Alliance - Sudan Alliance Forces - Office in Poland: In English. Has party and Poland office history, summary of problems in Sudan and request for humanitarian help. "The National Democratic Alliance-NDA- is the umbrella group of all the major Sudanese opposition organizations, and SAF was one of the original four members (with DUP, Umma Party and SPLA)." Based in Poland. [CA] http://saf_pl.tripod.com/

Sudan People's Democratic Front/ Sudan People's Liberation Movement, SPDF/SPLM/A: Dr. Riek Machar is Chairman and Commander-in-Chief. Has documents, press releases, the constitution, conference reports, official declarations, position papers, resolutions, issues of their newsletter, Southern Sudan Vision (in Adobe pdf), photographs, etc. [CA + KF] http://www.usinternet.com/users/helpssudan

Sudan People`s Liberation Movement / Army, SPLM/A - SPLM Today: Official site. Its Chairman was the late John Garang. News, speeches, historical background, Declaration on the Final Peace Phase, various protocols and agreements, the Machakos protocol, photographs, etc. [KF] http://www.splmtoday.com/

[Taha] Republican Thought - Ustadh Mahmoud Mohammed Tahad: In English and Arabic. The life and thought of Ustadh Mahmoud Mohammed Taha. Biography of Taha, history of his Republican Party and movement and his execution by the government in 1985.. The texts of his books in Arabic, interviews, letters. About Islam, Islam in the Sudan, education , etc. [KF] http://www.alfikra.org/

Umma Party: In Arabic. Has their manifesto, press releases, interviews, a who's who, speeches, conference communiques, publications, etc. Headquarters are in Asmara, Eritrea.[CA] http://www.umma.org/

Umma Party (in Dallas): In Arabic. Has party history, manifesto, articles. Gives contact name and phone number in Irving, Texas. Links to a number of Sudanese and Arab periodicals and news agencies. [CA] http://www.ummapartydallas.com

Political Resources on the Net - Sudan: A directory of sites on Sudan politics (parties, organizations, governments, embassies, media, etc.). Maintained by Radio Radicale. http://www.agora.stm.it/politic/sudan.htm

Power and Interest News Report, PINR: PINR is "an independent organization that utilizes open source intelligence to provide conflict analysis services in the context of international relations." Reports on Africa include "New Peace Deal in Sudan Unlikely to End Darfur Conflict;" "Rebel Attack Threatens Deby's Government in Chad." Based in Chicago, Ilinois. http://www.pinr.com/

Prendergast, John - Resolving the Three Headed War from Hell in Southern Sudan, Northern Uganda, and Darfur: 8 p. in PDF. (Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Africa Program, Occasional Paper, No. 3, Feb. 2005. http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/OP0033.pdf

Project Ploughshares: "promotes disarmament and demilitarization, the peaceful resolution of political conflict..." Has full text articles from its newsletter, Ploughshares Monitor, the full text of its annual Armed Conflicts Report on the state of war around the world (which has maps of deaths in conflicts, a human development map, child soldiers map, landmines map). Projects include International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa and the Sudan Track II Diplomacy Project with full text reports of the Canadian Government Policy on the Sudan (October 26, 1999), "Abyei: the Ambivalent North-South Border," by Dr. Francis M. Deng, Sudan Military Profile, 1998/99. Project Plowshares is based at the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, Conrad Grebel College, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. http://www.ploughshares.ca/index.html

Public Broadcasting Corporation - Jim Lehrer News Hour: May have transcripts of broadcast stories on the Sudan. For those with sound cards has a RealAudio version as well. Has a keyword search facility for the entire site. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/search.html
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/africa.html

Public Broadcasting Corporation, PBS - Lost Childhoods: Exploring the Consequences of Collective Violence: Lesson plan for the film the Lost Boys of Sudan. See also the 19 page guide in PDF. http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2003/thefluteplayer/pdf/study_guide.pdf

al-Rayaam: In Arabic. Sudan daily political newspaper. http://www.rayaam.net/index.html

Rift Valley Institute: An independent association based in Kenya and the United Kingdom, founded in 2001 to support research, publishing and educational initiatives in the African Rift Valley region: North-East Africa, the Horn, the Great Lakes, East Africa and South Central Africa. "Fellows of the Institute include academic specialists from Africa, Europe and the Americas and local and international practitioners in the fields of aid, development, environmental conservation and human rights." Has extensive page of Sudan Internet Resources (links by category). Has a Sudan Abductee Database which can be consulted in Kenya or London. [KF] http://www.riftvalley.net/

Right to Play: "an athlete-driven international humanitarian organization that uses sport and play as a tool for the development of children and youth" in Liberia, Chad, Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and other countries. The President is Johann Olav Koss (Olympic Gold Medalist speed skater from Norway) . Joey Cheek donated the funds from his speed skating gold medal (500 m) at the 2006 Winter Olympics to Right to Play for children in Darfur, Sudan. Based in Toronto, Canada. [KF] http://www.righttoplay.com/

Rights Maps: Cartography and geographic research for the human rights community. Has oil field maps for the Sudan, ethnic maps, town maps. Maps are sold and created by Michael Miller. [KF] http://www.rightsmaps.com/

Rothchild, Donald - Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation: Full text of the book, includes chapters on Angola, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe. The entire book is keyword searchable. (Washington, D.C. : Brookings Institution Press, c1997. 343 p.) http://brookings.nap.edu/books/0815775938/html/index.html

Rural Development in White Nile Province, Sudan : a study of interaction between man and natural resources. Edited by H. R. J. Davies: Full text of the book. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press, 1986. 142 p. Covers climate change, agriculture, nomadism, cheese industry, trade, drought, water supply, local administration, the gummuiya scheme. [KF] http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80579e/80579E00.htm#Contents

SALIGAD: "project dealing with small arms issues in the Horn of Africa"; "promotes dialogue and non-violent conflict resolution. Projects are implemented by the Bonn International Center for Conversion - BICC and the International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG). Does field work in Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan. Has report of a 2000 Workshop on Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Garissa District (Kenya), a report of a workshop on the Control and Managment of Arms on Inter-communal, Domestic and Business Violence (Kenya). Has text of intergovernment declarations on small arms (Nairobi, Bamako), a link to a 42 p. report, Curbing the Demand for Small Arms - Lessons in East Africa and the Horn of Africa and a directory of peace related organizations in the Horn. http://www.saligad.org

San Francisco Bay Area Darfur Coalition: "The Coalition was formed in 2004 by members of each of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Center of San Francisco, Jewish Community Relations Council of San Francisco, and New Sudan Generation. The Coalition now has over 40 member organizations and numerous individual members." http://www.darfursf.org/

Save a Slave: Has a section on the Sudan, links to children in slavery. Based in Kilgore, Texas. http://www.SaveAslave.com

Save Darfur Coalition: "group of faith-based, humanitarian and human rights organizations,....formed to raise public awareness and to mobilize North Americans and members of the international community..." Suggestions for mobilizing on the issue of genocide in Darfur. Has an e-mail list, photographs. Site based in Washington, D.C. [KF] http://savedarfur.org/

Society for Women and AIDS in Africa: "Created in 1988, SWAA is a pioneering Pan African non-profit, non-governmental women’s organization." "SWAA’s mission is to advocate on behalf of women, children and families in the fight against HIV/AIDS....The organization’s Secretariat is based in Dakar, Senegal, and serves as the headquarters for more than thirty-seven African country offices." Its 9th conference will be 26th - 29th May 2003 in Khartoum, Sudan. http://www.sudanet.net/swaas.htm

South Sudan Online: Has security updates (1996-97), large number of maps provided for relief workers and linke to relief organizations in the Sudan. Site sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of State. "The U.S. govt. does not guarantee the validity of information on the site.". http://www.state.gov/www/issues/relief/index.html

South Sudanese Friends International (SSFI): "Founded in 1994 by Wal and Julia Duany, and based in Bloomington, Indiana..." Works on peace making and community development. "Though we are guided by Christian principles, SSFI is not affiliated with any religious or political entity." Has full text documents from conferences such as the Dinka-Nuer West Bank Peace and Reconciliation Conference held in Wunlit, Bahr el Ghazal, Sudan from February 27 - March 8, 1999 and resolutions from the Liliir People-to-People Peace and Reconciliation Conference, May 2000. Full text articles on oil companies and on slavery in the Sudan, annotated directory of web sites, a few issues of Southern Sudanese Lens, their newsletter, photographs of Southern Sudan life. [KF] http://southsudanfriends.org

South Sudanese Students Association: Describes activities of the SSSA at Iowa State University. Has a video about a school bombing in Southern Sudan, statements on the Southern Sudan situation, etc. http://www.stuorg.iastate.edu/sssa/south9/homepage.htm

Spaulding, Jay - The Sudanese Travels of Theodoro Krump, 1700-1702: Published 1974. Full text online. "Offered here is an English translation of the Sudan portion of Theodoro Krump's Hoher und Fruchtbarer Palm-Baum des Heiligen Evangelij (Augsburg: Georg Schulter & Martin Happach, 1710). "Theodoro Krump's account of Sinnar between 1700 and 1702 is in many respects the most important single written source concerning the precolonial history of the Sudan." "Krump contributes data of unparalleled quality on the organization and conduct of the trans-Saharan caravan trade, the commerce in slaves, Sudanese medical practices, Sudanese relations with Ethiopia and a wide array of often unexpected vignettes of daily life." Prof. Spaulding teaches in the History Dept., Kean University, Union, New Jersey. [KF] http://www.kean.edu/~jspauldi/

Stanford Divest: Campaign to divest Stanford University endowment funds from four companies operating in the Sudan - PetroChina, Sinopec, Tatneft, and ABB Ltd. http://www.iabolish.com/campaigns/campaign.php?id=stanford

Stanford STAND. Students Taking Action Now: Darfur: Stanford University events (fundraising, awareness, etc.) regarding Darfur. http://www.stanford.edu/group/stand/

Sudan. Advisory Council on Human Rights of the Government of Sudan: "official government information on human rights in Sudan." Has the full text of an unofficial English translation of the Proposed Constitution of Sudan. http://dcregistry.com/homepages/suahrc.html

Sudan Airways: Founded 1947. http://www.sudanair.com/

Sudan-American Foundation for Education: SAFE was established in 1985 as a non-profit by "concerned American and Sudanese business persons, academics, and government officials." Collects and delivers donated books to university, college, and public libraries throughout the Sudan. Based in Arlington, Virginia. http://www.sudan-safe.org/

Sudan, Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile: Site describes a cd-rom sold by Sindibad Multimedia (London) produced in association with the Institut du Monde Arab (Paris) and Editions Flammarion on the Sudan's history, culture, and society. Has English or French versions. http://www.sindibad.co.uk/multimedia/sudan.html

Sudan - Arab.Net: Information on all aspects of the country including business, transportation, and travel. Very attractive graphics. Source of the content is not given. http://www.arab.net/sudan/sudan_contents.html

Sudan Archaeological Society in Berlin/ Die Sudan-archaologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin E.V.: Based at Humboldt-Universitat, describes their projects, has tips for travelers to the Sudan, table of contents of its bulletin, photographs of wall paintings, temples, many links to other Sudan archaeology web sites, and an annotated bibliography of publications on the Sudan. http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/inside/sudan/SAG/welcome.html

Sudan Artists Gallery: Showcase for painters, graphic artists, sculptors, illustrators, with biographical information, examples of their work. Maintained by Iman Shaggag. http://www.sudanartists.org

Sudan. Constitution: Authorised English Version, Adopted June 1998. Published as an occasional paper by The Sudan Foundation (Director: Sean Gabb), London. http://www.sufo.demon.co.uk/cons002.htm

Sudan Divestment Task Force: "national clearinghouse for the Sudan divestment movement, .... involved in dozens of campaigns across the country at the university, city and state levels." "The states of New Jersey, Illinois, Oregon, Maine, and Connecticut have all approved divestment plans." The Task Force wrote California Bill AB 2941 to direct state pension funds to divest from companies which support the Sudan government. (A Sept. 7, 2006 San Jose Mercury News editorial endorsed AB 2941). Full text reports, news, links to videos. A Project of the Genocide Intervention Network, Washington, D.C. [KF] http://www.sudandivestment.org

Sudan. Embassy at The Hague, Netherlands: In English and Arabic. News, facts about the Sudan, maps, photographs, oil exploration, agriculture statistics, etc. Links to related Sudan sites. http://www.sudani.nl

Sudan. Embassy. Washington, D.C.: Official site. News, photographs, facts about the people, government, geography, tourism, business, press releases. Has an email list. Documents such as Khartoum Declaration of Protection of Wild Life, Constitution of Sudan, Nuba Mountain Peace Agreements, Khartoum Peace Agreement. Links to other Sudan sites. [KF] http://www.sudanembassy.org/

Sudan Foundation: Established in July 1996 in London "to improve awareness and understanding between the peoples of the United Kingdom and the Sudan." Has the full text of the Foundation's articles covering politics, economics, history, social, legal, and religious issues and peace. There is a Who's Who in the Sudan. Includes many links to Sudan-related web sites. The Director is Sean Gabb. http://www.sufo.demon.co.uk/

Sudan Home Page: Created by Dr. Yasin Miheisi. Includes links to many Sudan web sites, on-line resources such as Sudan-L , the discussion list, Sudan News & Views, Nos. 1-13, 1994-Sept. 1995, a directory of Sudanese and those interested in the Sudan, a list of publications on the Sudan and a list of organizations concerned with the Sudan from the Africa Policy Information Center (Washington, D.C.) http://www.yasin.dircon.co.uk/sudan/

Sudan Human Rights Organization - Cairo Branch: "a Sudanese human rights and democracy entity." full text issues of Sudan Human Rights Quarterly, press releases, articles, reports on the Situation of Human Rights in Sudan, position statements from the Women's Forum. http://www.shro-cairo.org/

Sudan Infonet: An education and information service from the Sudan Working Group (USA). Provides current news on the Sudan. Also has an e-mail list for news. Funded by the Presbyterian Church (USA). http://members.tripod.com/~SudanInfonet/

Sudan. Judiciary: In Arabic and English. http://www.sudanjudiciary.org/

Sudan-L: Discussion list. http://www.listserv.emory.edu/scripts/wa.exe?A0=sudan-l&D=0&T=0 To subscribe, send email to: listserv@listserv.cc.emory.edu; In the Message area, put: SUBscribe Sudan-L yourfullname
To unsubscribe, send email to: listserv@listserv.cc.emory.edu; In the Message area, put: SIGNOFF Sudan-L; To contact the listowner write to: SUDAN-L-request@LISTSERV.CC.EMORY.EDU

Sudan. Ministry of Education: In Arabic. http://www.khartoum-edu.net/

Sudan. Ministry of External Relations: News, links to Sudan's embassies, issues of its Daily Bulletin, the Constitution, government bills, acts, investment information, visa regulations, basic information on the Sudan, etc. http://www.sudmer.com/

Sudan Monitor (Kampala, Uganda): Has some articles online. Published by the Sudan Human Rights Association. http://www.ned.org/grantees/shra/index.html

Sudan Monthly Report (Nairobi, Kenya): Published by the Sudan Catholic Information Office, Nairobi, the Press Office of the Sudanese Catholic Bishops working in the non-government controlled areas of Sudan. Has back issues from 1996. Offers free e-mail subscriptions. http://www.peacelink.it/africa/scio/month.html

Sudan.Net: Current Sudan news, from Agence France Presse, news in Arabic from the Sudanese daily newspaper Al-Rayaam and others papers. Has a discussion group, information on government, cabinet, political parties, history, trade organizations, the media, maps, statistics, educational institutions, banks, Sudan's embassies, hotels, music (with audio clips), directory of Sudanese, a list of discussion groups, dining customs and recipes, links to related sites. Maintained by Muaz M. Ataalsid. The site uses frames so some pages are from outside sources. http://www.sudan.net/

Sudan News Agency, SUNA: News reports from the Sudan government news agency. http://www.sudanet.net/html/suna.htm

Sudan News and Views: Edited by Dr. Yasin Miheisi as an "independent electronic newsletter working to advocate peace, human rights and humanitarian aid for the Sudan" is also at the Univ. of Pennsylvania African Studies web site. To subscribe directly, send a message to: yasin@dircon.co.uk http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/SNV_Main.html

Sudan Online List (SOL): Extensive collection of Sudan-related resources containing basic information about the Sudan, its culture, history, arts, development and aid, e-mail lists, newsletters, human rights, travel, etc. Maintained by Elfatih Osman. Mr. Osman also produces an electronic newsletter, Sudanese Alternative Discourses (SAD). http://www.interlog.com/~fatih/sol.html

Sudan Organisation Against Torture, SOAT: NGO established in 1993. Rehabilitates Sudanese survivors of torture; provides legal assistance to survivors and individuals threatened with inhumane and degrading punishments. Annual human rights reports, press releases, issues of SOAT Newsletter, other full text reports (reformatories, prison, female genital mutilation, Darfur, etc.), gallery. Based in London and Khartoum, Sudan. [KF] http://www.soatsudan.org/

Sudan Page - Tarig M. Monawar: Includes songs, photographs. Maintained by a Ph.D. structural engineering candidate at Columbia University (N.Y.). http://www.columbia.edu/~tm146/sudan.html

Sudan Parliament: In Arabic. Web site registered in Austin, Texas. http://www.sudan-parliament.org/

Sudan-Reach Women's Foundation: Non-political non-proift created by Sudanese and American women to improve the lives of Sudanese women and their families worldwide. Programs on women's education and health. Based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [KF] http://www.sudanreach.org

Sudan Resource Guide 1995 - Africa Policy Information Center: Lists books, articles, journals, organizations, basic facts.
Part I - gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org:7040/00/docs95/sudan.rg1
Part II - gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org:7040/00/docs95/sudan.rg2

Sudan Studies Association: "an independent professional society founded in the United States in 1981. Membership is open to scholars, teachers, students, and others with interest in the Sudan." Publishes a newsletter, SSA Newsletter. [KF] http://www.sudanstudies.org/

Has a discussion list - sudanstudies - Sudan Studies Association

Sudan Studies, 7th International Sudan Studies Conference "Fifty Years After Independence: Sudan's Quest for Peace, Stability and Identity", April 6th - 8th, 2006 University of Bergen Bergen, Norway: http://www.sudan2006.org/

Sudan Studies Society of the United Kingdom: "established in 1987 to encourage and promote Sudanese studies in the United Kingdom and abroad in all disciplines and levels." Publishes a newsletter, Sudan Studies, offers other publications, holds an annual symposium. [KF] http://www.dlindley.dircon.co.uk/sssuk/

Sudan, the Darfur Conflict: Documentary film which won a 2004 Rory Peck Award. Directed by Philip Cox of Native Voice Films. http://www.nativevoicefilms.com/films_darfur.htm

Sudan University of Science and Technology: Has a directory of theses. http://www.sustech.edu/

Sudan Update: An independent non-profit based in England. "...an information and referral service for individuals and organisations seeking a politically non-aligned briefing on the situation in Sudan." Covers education (book-burning, attacks on higher education and the arts), oil, women's situation, refugees, slavery, problems of the Darfur region, the Beja, the people of the Ingessana, discrimination against the Coptic Christian community, the Uduk, press freedom, etc. They publish a newsletter, Sudan Update. [KF] Old Site: http://www.kimito.free-online.co.uk/suweb/about.htm
New site: http://www.sudanupdate.org/; Three issues of Sudan Update are on the Univ. of Pennsylvania site.
Vol. 10, No. 8, 5 May 1999: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/supdate5599.html
Vol. 10, No. 9, 25 May 1999: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/supdate52599.html
Vol. 10, No. 10, 1 June 1999: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/supdate6199.html

Sudan Women Alliance, SWA: "Under the current regime in Sudan, women have been subject to job dismissal, displacement, detainment, torture and murder. They have also been negatively affected by the attitude of NIF towards women." Based in Cairo, Egypt and Manchester, U.K. http://www.swa95.org/

Sudanese: A discussion list on Sudan affairs managed out of Michigan State. Past messages are on-line. To subscribe, send email to: listserve@msu.edu
In the Message area put: subscribe Sudanese YourFirstName LastName

Sudanese Association For Northern California, S.A.N.C: "a social charitable nonprofit organization dedicated for serving the Sudanese community in Northern California." Community events, the SANC Monthly Newsletter, etc. http://www.sancnet.org

Sudanese Development Initiative Abroad, SUDIA: Founded in Cairo in 1995, a private, non-profit, provides information, development support programs for Sudanese in Egypt and worldwide. Has research reports such as a 7 page report on Women's Health & Economic Needs of the Displaced Sudanese Community in Egypt and a 76KB report in MS Word 6.0 in .zip form on Women's Role in Afro-forestry: The Sudan. Hosts the page of the Sudanese Center for Information and Culture which promotes the artistic creativity of Sudanese groups in exile. http://sudia.org/

Sudanet: Sudan's first and only (as of 1-3-2000) internet service provider, provides dial-up, leased line and other internet services in the Sudan thru satellite. Has links to Sudan and related sites. Based in Khartoum. http://www.sudanet.net/

Sudangate: In Arabic. Based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. http://sudangate.net/

Sudan's Agony: Site "prepared specifically for the visit of Roman Catholic Bishop Macram Gassis, Bishop of the El Obeid diocese in Sudan, to the San Francisco Bay Area on Nov. 16, 1999. Bishop Gassis' congregation is in Nuba, an area in central Sudan that is partly under government control and partly under the SPLA, the biggest rebel group in the Sudan." Has articles. http://www.homestead.com/sudancrisis

Talisman Energy, Inc.: Canada's largest independent oil and gas company, involved in controversy over its operations in the Sudan. It announced Oct. 2002 that it was pulling out of its Sudan operations. Based in Calgary, Canada. http://www.talisman-energy.com/

Turshen, Meredith - Politics of Oil in Africa: Article in S & F Online, Issue 2.2, Winter 2004. Published by The Barnard Center for Research on Women. http://www.barnard.edu/sfonline/reverb/printmtu.htm

Tvedt, Terje - An annotated bibliography on the Southern Sudan, 1850-2000: Bergen, Norway: Centre for Development Studies, University of Bergen, 2002. 2 vols. Has sample sections online. http://www.svf.uib.no/sfu/orderframe.htm

Umma Party: In Arabic and English. Has their manifesto, press releases, interviews, a who's who, speeches, conference communiques, publications, etc. Headquarters are in Asmara, Eritrea. http://www.umma.org/

Umma Party (in Dallas): In Arabic. Has party history, manifesto, articles. Gives contact name and phone number in Irving, Texas. Links to a number of Sudanese and Arab periodicals and news agencies. [CA] http://www.ummapartydallas.com

Understanding Sudan - a Teaching and Learning Resource: "modules for teachers in high school, college, and universities to integrate into their courses." Covers history, political economy, ecology, societies and cultures, literatures in indigenous and colonial languages, arts and music, and scholarly work. Video clips from the 2006 Sudan Studies Association conference. Created by Drs. Michael Kevane, Martha Saavedra, and Mariane Ferme. http://www.understandingsudan.org

United Kingdom. Parliament - Darfur: the Killing Continues: Mon 23 Jan [2006] : Committee publishes Second Report of Session 2005-06, Darfur: the killing continues (HC 657), and calls for sanctions on Sudan until Government complies on Darfur - PN16b.
Press release: http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/international_development/ind0506pn16.cfm
Full text report in PDF. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/657/657.pdf

United Kingdom. Parliament - Sudan: Conflict in Darfur: Report. Part of Library Research Papers 2004. Research Paper 04/51. 27 pages. In Adobe pdf. Includes maps of Sudan and Darfur. [KF] http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_publications_and_archives/research_papers/research_papers_2004.cfm

United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM): Promotes women's empowerment and gender equality, funds projects, has African regional offices, annual reports online, supports the African Campaign to Eliminate Violence Against Women and other programs. [KF] http://www.unifem.org/

Full text publications online such as -
Towards Achieving the MDGs in Sudan: Centrality of Women’s Leadership and Gender Equality (2005, 30 p.)
Partnerships for Gender Equality: The Role of Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies in Africa (2005, 44 p.)

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports: An online ad for the print publications. The site does provide country Rankings for 1995-1997. http://www.undp.org/undp/hdr/index.html

United Nations Development Program. Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (Addis Ababa): The situation reports (1996-1997) include coverage of the Sudan. Will have databases for download. Has maps and an Archive of 1994-1996 reports including the Horn of Africa Review. Hosted at the UPenn African Web site. [KF] http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/eue_web/eue_mnu.htm

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahangir on her Mission to Sudan - advance edited version.: http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/

United Nations. International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General: Report. 2005 Jan. 31. 176 p. in PDF. http://www.un.org/News/dh/sudan/com_inq_darfur.pdf

See also 1 February 2005 - Statement by the Secretary-General on the Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur. http://www.un.org/apps/sg/sgstats.asp?nid=1287

2 Feb. 2005 - Security Council President vows 'no impunity' for war crimes in Darfur, Sudan http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=13220&Cr=sudan&Cr1=

United Nations Mission in Sudan: Full text of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for Southern Sudan, Security Council resolutions, resolutions and information on Darfur, the African Union in Sudan, press releases, situation and other reports, photographs, job vacancies. Based in New York city and Khartoum. [KF] http://www.unmis.org/

United Nations. Operation Lifeline Sudan.: "The work of UNICEF and the World Food Programme." "established in April 1989. It is a consortium of two UN agencies -- UNICEF and the World Food Programme -- as well as more than 35 non-governmental organizations" Has photographs of the "relief operation