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Resting networks in primary insomnia [electronic resource]

Insomnia is a prevalent and costly disorder of sleep-related distress, yet little is known about its etiology. To better understand the neurobiology underlying insomnia, we examined resting state and directed sleep brain activity in insomniacs and healthy controls using simultaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Using dual regression analysis of BOLD signal brain networks derived from independent component analysis, we found increased coactivation of the insula in salience networks in insomniacs compared to healthy controls. This increase was accompanied by altered EEG power in insomniacs compared to healthy controls, as well as altered BOLD connectivity signatures of EEG frequency bands. These results suggest that aberrant connectivity of the insula and salience networks contribute to neural dysfunction in insomnia.