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My friends pictured within; the subjects of the Enigma Variations as portrayed in contemporary photographs and Elgar's manuscript

Elgar, Enigma variations

Elgar's Variations for Orchestra, commonly known as the 'Enigma' Variations, marked an epoch both in his career, and in the renaissance of English music at the turn of the century. First performed in 1899 under Hans Richter, the work became his passport to national fame and international success. From the first it intrigued listeners to know why it was called 'enigma', and who were the 'friends pictured within', to whom the work is dedicated. Appearing in the centenary year of the work's composition, this book elucidates what is known, and what has been said about the work and the enigma, and directs future listeners to what matters most: the inspired qualities of the music.

Online Cambridge Core

Enigma [videorecording]

"A hidden portrait" and performance of the complete work by the BBC Symphony Orchestra given in the Cathedral in Elgar's home town of Worcester with Sir Andrew Davis.