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  1. European Union candidate countries : 2003 referenda results

    Kim, Julie
    [Library of Congress public edition] - [Washington, D.C.] : Congressional Research Service, 2018-

    Online purl.fdlp.gov

  2. Tax Systems in European Union Countries [electronic resource]

    Joumard, Isabelle
    Paris : OECD Publishing, 2001.

    The tax-to-GDP ratio rose steadily in most EU countries up to the late 1990s, largely reflecting a sustained expansion of public sector commitments to welfare provision. Since the late 1990s, many EU countries have cut tax rates. However, the tax burden in the EU area remains much higher than in most other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labour and a stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally-related taxes. Recent measures targeted at lowering the tax burden on labour, in particular at the lower end of the income scale, have had promising results in terms of employment growth, showing how tax design is an important influence on countries’ performances. While there is not much room for cutting taxes significantly without downsizing public spending, further rebalancing the tax burden away from labour could contribute to better employment performance. Greater reliance on property taxes, which are low by international standards, could be ...

    Online OECD iLibrary

  3. Tax systems in European Union countries [electronic resource]

    Joumard, Isabelle
    Paris : OECD Publishing, 2003.

    Despite recent cuts, the tax-to-GDP ratio in most EU countries remains much higher than in other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labour and a stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally related taxes. While there is not much room for cutting taxes significantly without downsizing public spending, further re-balancing the tax burden away from labour could contribute to better employment performance. Greater reliance on property taxes, which are low by international standards, less use of reduced VAT rates and tax incentives targeted to specific saving vehicles should be considered. EU countries’ experience in reforming their tax system may also provide useful insights for other regions where international integration is deepening. The free movement of goods, people and capital within the EU area, combined with the advent of the single currency, has also affected the design of national tax systems and has brought to the fore a number of international taxation issues.

    Online OECD iLibrary

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  1. Slavic, East Central and Southeast Europe, and Eurasia Studies

    Stanford Libraries' Slavic collections include Russian literature; Russian, Soviet and Eastern European history (particularly of the 19th-21st centuries); Russian and Polish arts and cultures; education, economics, and political science.

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  1. Countries in Europe

    European Commission. Directorate-General Communication
    2007

    Map shows international and administrative divisions for the European Union countries. Also by color code actual members, and candidates to be memb...

  2. Europe ((LNG) Liquefied Natural Gas Import Export Terminals, 2010)

    Platts

    Platts LNG Terminal geospatial layer contains point objects representing liquefied natural gas import and export terminals in Europe and the Medite...

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