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  1. Reprogramming fibroblasts to pluripotency [electronic resource]

    Brady, Jennifer Jean
    2013.

    Reprogramming of somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state can be achieved by two approaches: somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning) and transcription factor transduction to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Early molecular events in reprogramming are not well understood, in large part due to the inefficiency of nuclear transfer and iPS generation. This inefficiency has led to the hypothesis that early reprogramming is a stochastic rather than a deterministic process. We hypothesized that iPS generation could be improved by the identification of early molecular events and pathways that may enhance reprogramming. In order to model reprogramming of fibroblasts towards pluripotency, we generated mouse embryonic stem cell X human fibroblast heterokaryons in which somatic cell pluripotency gene activation and promoter demethylation occurs rapidly and without cell division. We show that heterokaryon cell fusion based reprogramming is rapid and extensive, and that active DNA demethylation of the somatic OCT4 and NANOG promoters requires Activation Induced Deaminase. Heterokaryon bi-species RNA- Seq identified a role for a secreted factor which enhanced iPS generation and could replace constitutive viral expression of the reprogramming factor c-Myc. These data demonstrate that heterokaryons can serve as a discovery tool for novel reprogramming factors and that findings in cell fusion based reprogramming can inform early events in iPS generation. Mixed species heterokaryons are an attractive model system for investigating mechanisms of active DNA demethylation in the context of the mammalian genome and provide a viable approach for investigating early events in cellular reprogramming.

  2. A closer look at fibroblasts

    New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2019]

    "A Closer Look at Fibroblasts first summarizes the molecular mechanisms of fibroblasts induced by photobiomodulation, reviewing current therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation, previously called low intensity laser irradiation, is a safe and efficient mechanism used to stimulate a positive response through absorbed light or light emitting diodes, and to reduce pain and inflammation promoting healing of the wound area. Following this, the authors demonstrate the importance of fibroblasts in the process of development and progression of ovarian cancer, helping to establish new therapeutic management targeted towards cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the penultimate study, the effects of the combination of andiroba, copaĆ­ba and guarana in the form of biphasic oil and emulsion is examined in the context of wound healing. The concluding study focuses on the implications of the previously mentioned guarana in the context of skin aging and the oxy-inflammatory metabolism"--A Closer Look at Fibroblasts first summarizes the molecular mechanisms of fibroblasts induced by photobiomodulation, reviewing current therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation, previously called low intensity laser irradiation, is a safe and efficient mechanism used to stimulate a positive response through absorbed light or light emitting diodes, and to reduce pain and inflammation promoting healing of the wound area. Following this, the authors demonstrate the importance of fibroblasts in the process of development and progression of ovarian cancer, helping to establish new therapeutic management targeted towards cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the penultimate study, the effects of the combination of andiroba, copaiba and guarana in the form of biphasic oil and emulsion is examined in the context of wound healing. The concluding study focuses on the implications of the previously mentioned guarana in the context of skin aging and the oxy-inflammatory metabolism.

    Online EBSCO Academic Comprehensive Collection

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