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1. Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle

   Borstelmann, Thomas

   New York : Oxford University Press, 1993.

   Borstelmann's book has a controversial thesis that impinges greatly on the nature of USA anti-communist foreign policy in the years after the Second World War. Borstelmann makes a persuasive argument that the United States aided and abetted the establishment of the apartheid regime in South Africa because - despite reservations about Nationalist racial policies - it viewed South Africa as a vital ally in the Cold War. Exceptionally well-written and substantively strong, the book is diplomatic history in a broad context. Eschewing the reductionist, economic-determinist view that characterizes many critical accounts of US policy toward South Africa, and stressing broader strategic and ideological considerations, Borstelmann provides a rich and sophisticated account of American policy-making in that era.In 1948, civil rights for black Americans stood higher on the national political agenda than at any time since reconstruction. President Harry Truman issued orders for fair employment and the integration of the armed forces, and he proceeded to campaign on a platform that included an unprecedented civil rights plank, pushed through the Democratic convention by Hubert Humphrey. But on the other side of the globe, his administration paid close attention to another election as well: the surprising triumph of the white-supremacist National Party in South Africa, reluctantly accepted by the Truman White House. Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle brings to light the neglected history of Washington's strong (but hushed) backing for the National Party government after it won power in 1948, and its formal establishment of apartheid. Thomas Borstelmann's account weaves together the complex threads of early Cold War tensions, African and domestic American politics, and nuclear diplomacy to show how - and why - the United States government aided and abetted the evangelically racist regime in Pretoria. Despite the rhetoric of the "free world, " and the lingering idealism following the defeat of Nazi Germany and the founding of the U.N., Truman's foreign policy was focused on limiting Soviet expansion at all costs. Tensions between the two former allies mounted in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, with the Berlin crisis, the Greek civil war, and the impending victory of the Communists in China. In southern Africa, the United States sought to limit Soviet and left-wing influence by supporting the colonial powers (Belgium, Portugal, and of course Britain) and the fiercely anticommunist National Party, led byDaniel Malan. Despite the unsavory racism of Malan's government - Borstelmann shows that Pretoria fomented violence among black groups in the late 1940s, just as it has done recently between the ANC and Inkatha - the U.S. saw South Africa as a dependable and important ally. In add.

   Online Ebook Central

2. De Roosevelt à Eisenhower, la politique étrangère américaine, 1945-1952

   Freymond, Jacques

   Genève, E. Droz, 1953.

3. Cold war critics; alternatives to American foreign policy in the Truman years

   Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1971.

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