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Penn parsed corpora of historical English
Version 4.0. - [Philadelphia, PA : Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania], April 2016."The Penn Parsed Corpora of Historical English, including the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, second edition (PPCME2), the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English (PPCEME), and the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English, second edition (PPCMBE2), are running texts and text samples of British English prose across its history - from the earliest Middle English documents up to the First World War. The texts come in three forms: simple text, part-of-speech tagged text and syntactically annotated text. The syntactic annotation (parsing) permits searching not only for words and word sequences, but also for syntactic structure. All of the annotation has been carefully reviewed by expert human annotators for accuracy and consistency. The corpora are designed for the use of students and scholars of the history of English, especially the historical syntax of the language, and they are publicly available to individuals, research groups and libraries.." -- Penn Parsed Corpora of Historical English website.
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Middle English prepositions and adverbs with the prefix be- in prose texts : a study in their semantics, dialectology and frequency
Ciszek-Kiliszewska, EwaFrankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang Edition, [2017]This book offers the first comprehensive study of Middle English prepositions and adverbs combining the prefix "be-" with a preposition, an adverb or a numeral recorded in prose texts. Six best established lexemes, i.e., "before, beyond, behind, beneath, between" and "betwixt" are analysed. The investigated aspects include the semantics of the prepositions and adverbs, their dialectal and textual distribution as well as their frequency of use viewed both from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The study draws on the linguistic data retrieved from a collection of specially selected complete prose texts from the "Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose". The description of the obtained results is enhanced with numerous tables and figures.
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Competition in language change : the rise of the English dative alternation
Zehentner, EvaBerlin ; Boston : De Gruyter Mouton, [2019]This book addresses one of the most pervasive questions in historical linguistics - why variation becomes stable rather than being eliminated - by revisiting the so far neglected history of the English dative alternation. The alternation between a nominal and a prepositional ditransitive pattern (John gave Mary a book vs. John gave a book to Mary) emerged in Middle English and is closely connected to broader changes at that time. Accordingly, the main quantitative investigation focuses on ditransitive patterns in the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English; in addition, the book employs an Evolutionary Game Theory model. The results are approached from an 'evolutionary construction grammar' perspective, combining evolutionary thinking with diachronic constructionist notions, and the alternation's emergence is interpreted as a story of constructional innovation, competition, cooperation and co-evolution. The book not only provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the history of one of the most-discussed syntactic phenomena in English, but by fusing two frameworks and employing two different methodologies also presents a highly innovative approach to a problem of relevance to historical linguistics in general.
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