Rwanda on the Internet - Stanford University

African Journal of Legal Studies, (Ottawa, Canada): "refereed e-journal published by The Africa Law Institute focusing on good governance, democracy and rule of law issues in Africa.... Published quarterly (main issue) and monthly (supplementary issue),...." Vol 1, No. 1, 2004 has a full text article, Reconciliation in Post-Genocide Rwanda, by Eugenia Zorbas,24 p. in Adobe pdf. http://www.africalawinstitute.org/ajls/

African Rights (London): "Any solution to Africa's problems...must be sought primarily among Africans. International organizations should see their principal role as facilitating and supporting attempts by Africans to address their own problems." Works in Rwanda, Somalia, etc. Extensive publications list. The first co-directors were Rakiya Omaar and Alex de Waal. Offices in London and Rwanda. [KF] http://www.africanrights.org/

Avega - Agahozo, Association of Genocide Widows: In English and French. Organisation for widows, orphans, children, elderly and handicapped victims of the 1994 genocide. "It is estimated that 60-70 % of Rwanda ’s population is made up of women, of which 50% are widows." Members raise funds through sales of Peace Baskets. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. [KF] http://www.avega.org.rw/

Lafrique.com: In French and English. On Rwanda (and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Articles such as "A Gikongoro, on parlait de la France, et de la langue française", interviews with National University of Rwanda students, visitors' accounts of Rwanda, a university development project. Many photographs of Butare, Gikongoro Province, Lake Kivu, places in Rwanda. Site based in Roanoke, Virginia. [KF] http://lafrique.com/

Akagera Rhein ev.: In German, some English. Group based in Bonn, Germany opposed to the Kagame government. "Akagera-Rhein e.V. ist ein deutsch-ruandischer Kulturverein. Der Name symbolisiert die verbindende Funktion der Grenzflüsse Akagera und Rhein. Der Verein wurde am 23. April 1994 in Bonn gegründet. Mitglieder können sowohl Ruanderinnen und Ruander als auch deutsche und andere Freunde Ruandas sein." Documents, news. [KF] http://www.akagera-rhein.de/

Amahoro People's Congress: In French, English, and Kinyarwanda. Formerly Arena-Isangano. "AMAHORO People's Congress is a Political Party formed in response to the failures of the political system presently in Rwanda." Is opposed to the Paul Kagame government. Its President is Alexandre Kimenyi. http://www.newrwanda.org/

American Refugee Committee: Has field offices in Guinea, Liberia, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan. Includes a May 2001 report on Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, annual report, photographs taken by Rwandan refugee children. http://www.archq.org/

AISI Connect Online Database. Information and Communication Infrastructure in Africa - Rwanda: Internet service providers in Rwanda, the state of telecommuncations by country, locate internet / web services by type and country, list of countries with independent regulators, list of countries by number of fixed lines, list of countries by access costs, list of countries by population. Site supported by the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in support of the African Information Society Initiative (AISI). http://paradigm.wn.apc.org/africa/

American University. Washington College of Law - Rwanda Commemoration Project: Genocide In Our Time: The College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law's Rwanda Commemoration Project: Genocide In Our Time produced a resource booklet (background, programming ideas, bibliography) , a lesson plan for high schools. Based in Washington, D.C. [KF] http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/

Atlantic Monthly - Bystanders to Genocide: Full text, Sept. 2001, article by Samantha Power. "The author's exclusive interviews with scores of the participants in the decision-making, together with her analysis of newly declassified documents, yield a chilling narrative of self-serving caution and flaccid will-and countless missed opportunities to mitigate a colossal crime." http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/09/power.htm

Australian Digital Theses Program: "...a national collaborative distributed database of digitised theses produced at Australian Universities....provides access to PhD and Masters by Research theses only." Databases of full text theses. http://adt.caul.edu.au/

Includes - .Science education reform in a post-colonial developing country in the aftermath of a crisis: the case of Rwanda, by Jaya Earnest.

Avocats sans Frontieres (Bruxelles, Belgium): In French. Has a project, Justice pour tous au Rwanda, with reports on Rwanda. http://www.asf.be/

Banque Nationale du Rwanda: In French. Includes statistics (price indices, external debt, etc.), Bank annual reports (full text), Rapports sur l'évolution économique et financière du Rwanda, Monetary Policy and Development of Financial Sector in Rwanda, a Seminar on Monetary Policy in Rwanda (Powerpoint presentations), Stratégie de lutte contre le SIDA à la BNR, images of the currency, and more. Based in Kigali. http://www.bnr.rw/

Belgium. Parlement. Senat.: In French. Report no longer on the web. Had information on the Senate Commission d'enquête parlementaire concernant les evenements du Rwanda including the full text of the Rapport fait au nom de la Commission d'enquête par MM. Mahoux et Verhofstadt. See instead the Report at le Réseau Voltaire. [KF] http://www.senate.be/

Beyond the Gates [also called Shooting Dogs]: Film first released in the U.K. as Shooting Dogs. Reviewed in the New York Times by Stephen Holden, March 9, 2007, "From a schoolhouse in Rwanda....". http://www.beyondthegates-movie.com/

Brilliant Image Productions: Established in 2001 in Kenya by Julius Keya, an international filmmaker. Video productions ranging from documentaries, music videos, advertisements, feature films. Videos clips of films. Produced a film on Gacaca (Rwanda). Based in Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.brilliantimageproductions.com

British Broadcasting Corporation - Great Lakes: News in Kinyarwanda. To listen to the audio, you'll need a sound card, speakers, Real Player on your computer. http://www.bbc.co.uk/greatlakes/

Caisse Sociale du Rwanda. Social Security Fund of Rwanda: In French, English, Kinyarwanda. Official site of the government social security administration. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. http://www.csr.gov.rw/

Canada. National Defence: Government site with information on the 1994-1995 Canadian Contribution to Rwanda - OP LANCE and the 1993 incidents in Somalia. Use the Search to locate articles on Somalia. [KF] http://www.img.forces.gc.ca/commelec/nwslettr/Vol33/unamir_e.htm

Canadian Military Journal: In French. Vol. 2, No. 1, printemps 2001 contains the article [in Adobe PDF], L'Operation "Assurance:" planifier une force multinationale pour le Rwanda / Zaire, by Michael A. Hennessy, Ph.D. 10 pages. http://www.journal.dnd.ca/frgraph/Vol2/no1/pdf/11-20_f.pdf

CARE Campaign for Rwanda: Describes CARE's projects in Rwanda. http://www.care.org/programs/country_profile.cfm?ID=126

Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict: Established 1994, co-chaired by David A. Hamburg and Cyrus R. Vance. Has the full text of its final report pub. 1997, "Essays on Leadership" by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, George Bush, Jimmy Carter, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Desmond Tutu, and "Preventing Genocide: How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda" by Scott R. Feil (with Foreword by Lieutenant-General Romeo A. Dallaire). Includes high school and university curriculum guides. [KF] http://www.ccpdc.org/

Carter Center - Rwanda: Information on Carter Center Burundi and Rwanda projects. Use the Search form. http://www.cartercenter.org/

Centre pour la Promotion de la Liberté d'expression et de la Tolérance dans la région des Grands-Lacs (CPLTGL): In French. "...un organisme à but non lucratif voué à la promotion de droits à la liberté. Has articles from Agence France Presse, statements from orgaisations. The web site has some technical problems. http://www.cpltgl.com/index.asp

Clio en Afrique: In French, an electronic journal from the Groupe de recherche (GDR) 1118 du CNRS, "Histoire de l'Afrique: Mémoires et Identités (XVIIème-XXème siècles)". Based at the Université de Provence.; No. 2, été 1997 has an article by Fabienne Le Houérou, "Le miracle erythreen" and an extensive bibliographic essay by Jean-Pierre Chretien, "Le genocide rwandais". http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/~wclio-af/

CNN - Why CEOs Love Rwanda: By Marc Gunther, Fortune senior writer. Article from Fortune magazine. April 3 2007. http://money.cnn.com/2007/03/28/news/companies/pluggedin_Gunther_Rwanda.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2007032910

Coalition for International Justice (Washington, D.C.): The Coalition is an "international, non-profit organization working to support
the Yugoslavia and Rwanda war crimes tribunals." Has a page, War Crimes Investigators' Open Source Factual Resources, with links to documents on Rwanda, a FAQ on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, who's in custody, detainees' background, released or died. [KF] http://www.his.com/~twarrick/investigations.html and http://www.cij.org/

COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa: "COMESA [formerly the PTA] exists as an organisation of free independent sovereign states which have agreed to co-operate in developing their natural and human resources for the good of all their people'. With its 19 member states and population of 300 million it forms a major integrated trading block." Has information on customs tariffs by country, road/transport including road distances, economic profiles for each country (Angola, Burundi, Comoros, D.R. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe) etc. Has the text of Doing Business with COMESA: the Handbook, legal guides to establishing business, etc. [KF] http://www.comesa.int/

Commission Électorale Nationale / National Electoral Commission: In French, English and Kinyarwanda. Independent body created by the 1993 Arusha Accords to conduct elections. Voter statistics, Report on the constitutional referundum, presidential and parliamentary elections and other documents, national partners, photographs. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. http://www.comelena.gov.rw/

Conference in Support of Democratic Opportunities in the African Great Lakes Region. Joint Statement and Plan of Action. Montreal, January 22, 1997: 12 page statement from a conference sponsored by the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (Montreal). http://serveur.ichrdd.ca/english/commdoc/publications/africa/GreatLakes.html

Congo-L: In French. Discussion on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa). To subscribe, send e-mail to: LISTSERV@SCRIBE.CMP.ILSTU.EDU
Leave the Subject area blank. In the message area put: sub Congo-L YourFirstName LastName
Was formerly Zaire-L until July 21, 1997. The list owner, Dr. Andre Kapanga, formerly of Illinois State University, became the DRC Ambassador to the United Nations.

Congo Stamps: Stamps from the DRC (from the Independant State Congo 1886-1908 to the present), Burundi, Rwanda. Detailed descriptions, photographs, bibliography. Forgeries. Questions page. Maintained by Guy van Rijn. [KF] http://www.congostamps.com/

Coopérative des Producteurs Artisanaux de Butare, COPABU: In French. Crafts, baskets, greetings cards from Butare, Rwanda. "This cooperative exports to Italy, and it is rapidly expanding exports to other countries." Supported by the PAB (Promotion de l'Artisanat de Butare) et de la FAAB (Fédération des Associations des Artisans de Butare). http://www.chez.com/copabucat/
PAB: http://www.pab-faab.org.rw and http://www.pasud-faab.org.rw

Crisis in the Great Lakes - Anatomy of a Tragedy: Full text articles from the No. 110, winter 1997 issue of Refugees magazine. Includes a chronology. Pub. by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.ch/pubs/rm110/rm110toc.htm

Dallaire, [General] Roméo A. - Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda: Transcript of a speech by Dallaire, at the Carnegie Counci on Ethics and International Affairs, on his role in Rwanda. Includes photograph. "The Council was established by Andrew Carnegie in 1914 to work toward the ideal of world peace." Based in New York city. http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/viewMedia.php?prmTemplateID=2&prmID=848

See also video of talk by Dallaire on his book, "Shake Hands with the Devil" Feb. 6, 2005? at the Barnes and Noble bookstore in New York city. Recorded on C-Span2's program BookTV. [need sound card, headset or speakers - and a fast internet connection]

Derscheid, Jean-Marie: Guide to the Derscheid microfilm collection of notes, reports and other documents on Rwanda, Burundi and eastern Congo's Kivu and Oriental provinces (primarily from the late 1920s - early 1930s). Compiled by Daniel A. Reboussin. Derscheid was "Professor of Colonial Law of the Institut des Territoires d’Outre-Mer at Antwerp, Secretary-General of the Parc Albert, co-founder of the Institut International pour la Protection de la Nature,..." The master negative of the film is at the University of Florida Library, Gainesville. http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/derscheid.htm

[Stanford users see the collection at Call number: DT449 .R8P22 MFILM
Author: Derscheid, J. M. Title: [J. M. Derscheid collection of materials on Rwanda and Burundi, 1877-1933] [microform].

Destexhe, Alain: In French. Belgian Senator Alain Destexhe's web site has articles / reports on his role in creating the Belgian Commission on the 1994 Rwanda genocide. "Alain Destexhe est l'initiateur parlementaire de la commission d'enquête sur les événements du Rwanda." [KF] http://destexhe.be/

Diplomatie Judiciaire: In French. Information on Rwandans accused of crimes against humanity such as Rwanda journalist, Hassan Ngeze. Ngeze was editor of the newspaper, Kangura. Has full text issues of Le Verdict, Mensuel sur les procès de génocide au Rwanda, édité par la Ligue Rwandaise pour la Promotion et la Défense des Droits de l'Homme (Liprodhor). Has the text of Statut du tribunal pénal internationational pour le Rwanda, the Rwanda law on genocide, etc. Site édité par Chroniques Pénales Internationales, Paris, France. [KF] http://www.diplomatiejudiciaire.com/

Dites-le haut et fort!: In French, English, Kinyarwanda. Concerns the genocide against the Tutsis. Articles on individuals involved in the 1994 events. Site based in Hamilton, Canada. [KF] http://www.noublions-jamais.com/

Domaine Name Registration: Information on registering internet domain names for .rw, the top-level domain name for Rwanda. http://www.nic.rw

Educate - The Journal of Doctoral Research in Education (London): Full text articles online. "published twice a year under the auspices of the Doctoral School at the Institute of Education, University of London." http://www.educatejournal.org/index.php?journal=educate&page=issue&op=view&path[]=20

Examples of articles:
Funding Higher Education in Rwanda through Loans or Grants: efficiency and equity arguments

European Union. Election Observation Mission (EOM) to Rwanda - 2003: "Election Observation Mission (EOM) to follow preparations and conduct of the 26 May 2003 referendum to adopt a new Constitution in Rwanda [and] Election Observation Mission (EOM) to follow preparations and conduct of the 25 August Presidential and 29 September Parliamentary elections in Rwanda." Has the report re the constitutional referendum. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/rwanda/

Facing History: Dying in Darfur are resources for teachers on genocide and the Darfur, Sudan crisis. Has a Lesson Unit "Can Journalism Kill? The Case of Rwandan Hate Radio." A module on Memory, History, Memorials includes Rwanda, the Voortrekker Monument, the South African Constitutional Court, District Six. "Facing History helps students find meaning in the past and recognize the need for participation and responsible decision making." Loans videos (such as Long Night’s Journey into Day: South Africa’s Search for Truth and Reconciliation, Lost Boys of Sudan) to educators in the Facing History network. See video clip by K. Anthony Appiah on the value of Facing History programs. Is partner with Facing the Past in South Africa. Based in Brookline, Massachusetts. [KF] http://www.facinghistorycampus.org/

Ferroggiaro, William - The U.S. and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994. Information, Intelligence and the U.S. Response: March 24, 2004 report. "That the Clinton Administration decided against intervention at any level was not for lack of knowledge of what was happening in Rwanda." The National Security Archive is a non-profit non-governmental NGO founded by scholars and journalists interested in obtaining documents under the Freedom of Information Act. It is based at George Washington University's Gelman Library in Washington, D.C. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB117/

Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda, FDLR: In French and Kinyarwanda. Democratic Liberation Forces of Rwanda. "Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda -FDLR- sont les Rwandais décidés à défendre leur Patrie et le peuple menacé d’extermination par un régime tyrannique, oligarchique, impopulaire, sanguinaire, usurpateur et belliciste du FPR qui se maintient par le mensonge et la terreur." Military organization, partly composed of Hutu forces which left Rwanda after the 1994 genocide. Press communiques, documents, links to related sites. [KF] http://mitglied.lycos.de/FDLR/

France. Assemblée Nationale. Mission d'information sur le Rwanda: In French. Report (and annexes) of the Quilès Mission on the role of France and the international community in the events surrounding the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Published 16 December 1998. It includes a chronology of events 1959-1996, information on key political parties and organizations, the main Rwanda government leaders 1990-1994, facts about the Rwanda military forces, an extensive listing of French government officials 1990-1995, list of acronyms, etc. http://www.assemblee-nat.fr/dossiers/rwanda.asp
Article in Le Monde (Les parlementaires rendent leur rapport sur le rôle de la France au Rwanda, par REMY OURDAN), 16 decembre 1998. Purchase online or look in Lexis-Nexis. [KF]

See also "Audition de M. Faustin Twagiramungu, Premier Ministre désigné par les accords d'Arusha, Premier Ministre du Rwanda (juillet 1994-août 1995)" 12 mai 1998 on www.reseauvoltaire.net. 23 pages.

Other articles.
The Independent (London), December 16, 1998, "Paris clears itself of Rwanda killings"
Manchester Guardian Weekly, December 27, 1998 LeMonde section "France exonerates itself over Rwanda"
New York Times, December 20, 1998, "Panel Finds French Errors In Judgment On Rwanda"

Friends of Burundi and Rwanda - burundi-rwanda Discussion Group: "The Friends of Burundi & Rwanda is a group of Returned Peace Corps Volunteers (as well as friends and associates) who served in Burundi or Rwanda. This groups is affiliated with the National Peace Corps Association." http://groups.yahoo.com/group/burundi-rwanda/

Frontline - The Triumph of Evil: How the West Ignored Warnings of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide...: Site for the public television program. Includes interviews with Philip Gourevitch and others, a chronology of events, the influence of the 1993 Somalia events, excerpts from related books, a summary of actions by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the text of crucial cables between the UN commander and Kofi Annan, special reports (The Rwandan Girl Who Refused to Die, by Fergal Keane, The Crime of Genocide by Alain Destaxhe, The Rwandan Crisis by Gerard Prunier), map, etc. [KF] http://www.pbs.org/frontline/shows/evil/

Garreton, Roberto - The Massacres in Former Zaire. Mission Impossible: Article in Le Monde Diplomatique, December 1997. http://mondediplo.com/1997/12/garreton.html

GenoDynamics: University of Maryland research project headed by Christian Davenport, Associate Professor of Political Science, and Allan C. Stam, Associate Professor of Government and Deputy Director of Dartmouth’s Rockefeller Center. "What specifically took place during the genocide and how does this vary across the 100 days and across the country? how does this diffuse over space and time? How does information about these activities vary across sources?" Has a database on all genocide-related activities undertaken in Rwanda during the period between April 6th and July 30th, 1994. [KF] http://www.genodynamics.com

Ghosts of Rwanda: Site for the April 1, 2004, PBS TV special. Interviews, timeline, video clips from the TV program, related sites. Essays on America's Response, What are the Lessons of Rwanda?, Can it Happen Again? Commentary on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Includes the story of Senegalese Captain Mbaye Diagne who "ignored orders from U.N. headquarters to remain neutral and worked to save the lives of hundreds of Rwandans." Video from the TV program. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/

Global IDP - IDPS in Rwanda: Very fine site. Profiles of internally displaced persons in over twenty countries. Extensive historical background, political situation, protection issues, international response, statistics, graphs, maps, sources used with links to sources. From the Norwegian Refugee Council, Global IDP Project, based in Geneva, Switzerland. [KF] http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wCountries/Rwanda

Global Information Network In Education (GINIE): Based at the University of Pittsburg, GINIE helps "provide governments, donor and relief organizations with on-line information, both current and historical, on crisis- and change-oriented educational services and materials.". Their Land Mine Awareness Education Project includes Angola, Rwanda, Somalia, Zaire. [KF] http://www.ginie.org/

Global Youth Connect: Non-profit "devoted to inspiring, supporting, and connecting youth who are working to protect
human rights around the world." Has a program in Rwanda. Hafsat Abiola was one of the founders of GYC. Based in Woodstock, New York. http://www.globalyouthconnect.org/

God Sleeps in Rwanda: Nominated for 2005 Best Documentary Short subject for the Academy Awards held March 2006. "The 1994 Rwandan Genocide left the country nearly 70% female handing Rwanda’s women an extraordinary burden and an unprecedented opportunity......“God Sleeps in Rwanda” captures the spirit of five courageous women as they rebuild their lives, redefining women’s roles in Rwandan society and bringing hope to a wounded nation." http://www.godsleepsinrwanda.com/

Gourevitch, Philip

Gourevitch is the author of "We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda" (1998, winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, and the Overseas Press Club Book Award.) His account of Paul Rusesabagina was depicted in the film Hotel Rwanda. Interview with Gourevitch on his background, writing, reporting, Rwanda, Paul Rusesabagina. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con0.html

Other Links

Review in NY Review of Books by Wole Soyinka ("Hearts of Darkness, October 4, 1998) - http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E4DA1439F937A35753C1A96E958260

Interview - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/interviews/gourevitch.html from the PBS web site for The Triumph of Evil

Interview - http://www.smallspiralnotebook.com/afrenchinterview.htm

Yahoo links - http://dir.yahoo.com/News_and_Media/Journalism/Journalists/Gourevitch__Philip/

U.C. Santa Barbara biographical information - http://www.ihc.ucsb.edu/events/event_files/past/_fall2002/gourevitch/

Great Lakes Press: In French and English. News articles from 1998-1999, commentary about Burundi, Rwanda and surrounding countries. Site generally opposed to the present Rwanda government. [KF] http://pages.infinit.net/glp/

Great Lakes Region - Environmental Aspects of the African Great Lakes Region: From the United Nations Environment Programme, Global Resource Information Database (UNEP/GRID). Has landsat maps of the Lac Kivu area showing population centers of refugees, maps illustrating land cover, elevation, human population growth, vegetation, etc. and related Great Lakes and gorilla conservation web sites. http://grid2.cr.usgs.gov/greatlakes/

Hejhopp.com - Pictures and Travel Journals from Southern and East Africa: The author's travel journal and photographs of Uganda (54 images), Rwanda (48 images), Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia (67 images), Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Lesotho, Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia (120 images), recorded between November 2, 2004 and April 29, 2005. Photographs have description, location, date. The Site owner is Peder af Geijerstam who lives in Stockholm, Sweden. [KF] http://www.hejhopp.com

Heritiers de la Justice. Service des Eglises Protestantes pour les Droits Humains et la Paix (Bukavu, Congo): In French and English. Current political news, reports on the plight of "Pygmies" in Congo (Kinshasa), Cameroun, and Rwanda, the situation of churches in Kivu, work in conflict mediation and human rights. http://www.heritiers.org/

Hirondelle Foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland): "The purpose of the Hirondelle Foundation is to provide useful, impartial and independent information to populations deprived of such by a conflict or natural disaster." The foundation, from its Arusha office, provides coverage in French and Kinyarwanda of proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. It also funds the independent station, Radio Agatashya. http://www.hirondelle.org

Hirondelle News Agency, Arusha: In English, French, Kinyarwanda, Swahili. "The Hirondelle News Agency in Arusha (Tanzania) has covered since 1996 all major judiciary events related to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, mainly the proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), but also the gacaca tribunals and the trials conducted according to classic justice procedures in Rwanda." http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf

The History Place. Genocide in the 20th Century - Rwanda 1994, 800,000 Deaths: Includes a map. Part of The History Place web site. http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/rwanda.htm
also has
Stories from Rwanda - excerpts from Philip Gourevitch's book, "We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families." http://www.historyplace.com/pointsofview/rwanda.htm

Holder, M. K.- Primate Handedness and Brain Lateralization Research Site: Includes her East African Primate Research Sites with photographs, audio files, information acquired during the course of field research in Rwanda, Uganda, and Congo (former Zaire). Holder is an anthropologist with the Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior (CISAB), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/index.html

Hooker Jr., Richard D. - U.S. Policy Choices During the Rwandan Genocide: In Adobe pdf. 12 page report by Lieutenant Colonel Richard D. Hooker Jr., U.S.Army, for a National War College course. National Defense University is a center for joint professional military education, under the direction of the Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. The National Defense University is located at Ft. McNair in Washington, DC. http://www.ndu.edu/library/n4/n035603o.pdf

Hotel Rwanda: Film background, film clips, the movie trailer, map showing the provinces, timeline, teachers' guide. Hotel manager, Paul Rusesabagina shelters 1000 + refugees from the Rwanda genocide (recounted in Philip Gourevitch's book, "We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda"). Received the 2005 Academy Award nominations for Best Actor (Don Cheadle), Best Supporting Actress (Sophie Okonedo) and Best Original Screenplay. http://www.mgm.com/ua/hotelrwanda/main.html

Hotel Rwanda Rusesabagina Foundation: Established by Paul Rusesabagina (the hotel manager depicted in the film, Hotel Rwanda); it "provides support, care, and assistance to children orphaned by, and women abused during, the genocide in Rwanda." Based in Boston, Massachusetts. http://www.hotelrwandarusesabaginafoundation.org/

Human Rights Watch - Reports on Rwanda: 2003 World Report: http://www.hrw.org/wr2k3/africa9.html
2000 World Report: http://www.hrw.org/wr2k/Africa-08.htm#TopOfPage
1999 World Report: http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/africa/rwanda.html
1998 World Report: http://www.hrw.org/hrw/reports/1999/landmine/WEBAFR1.html
All Rwanda reports: http://www.hrw.org/hrw/pubweb/Webcat-84.htm#P1339_175409

Human Rights Watch - "Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda": Full text of the print report. Pub. 1999 with 2004 update. Includes historical background ("The Meaning of “Hutu,” “Tutsi,” and “Twa,” Colonial Changes in the Political System, The Transformation of “Hutu” and “Tutsi”), a chronology. By Alison Des Forges. Pub. by HRW (New York) and the International Federation of Human Rights. www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/

Human Rights Watch - Remembering Rwanda: Africa in Conflict, Yesterday and Today: 2004 U.S. lecture series "commemorates the ten year anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda and honors the hundreds of thousands of people who died during this conflict." http://hrw.org/campaigns/rwanda/

Human Rights Watch - "Rwanda, Lasting Wounds: Consequences of Genocide and War for Rwanda’s Children": Full text report. Published March 2003, 80 p. "Rwandan children still suffer the devastating consequences of the 1994 genocide and the war that preceded and followed it,..." "Hundreds of thousands of children were orphaned and many now try to cope on their own." http://hrw.org/reports/2003/rwanda0403/

Human Rights Watch - "Rwanda: Observing the Rules of War?": Published December 2001. Concerns battles May 2001 between soldiers of the Rwandan government army (Rwandan Patriotic Army, RPA) and fighters of the rebel Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (Armeé pour la Libération du Rwanda, ALIR I). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/rwanda2/

Human Rights Watch - "Rwanda: the Search for Security and Human Rights Abuses": Full text report in English and French. Pub. 2000. Concerns human rights abuses by Rwanda government forces. Published April 2000. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/rwanda/

Human Rights Watch - "Uprooting the Rural Poor in Rwanda": Full text report. Pub. May 2001. 91 pages. Edited by Michael McClintock. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/rwanda/

Human Rights Watch. California Committee - "The Killing Ground: A Journey to Rwanda, The Church at Ntarama": Report (1995) by Mike Farrell, Co-Chair of Human Rights Watch, California Committee. http://www.hrw.org/about/california/rwanda.html

Humanitarian Endeavors: "Andrew Petkun is a photojournalist who takes pictures of people living with HIV/AIDS in order to capture their common humanity, and increase awareness and support to fight the disease." "attention must be refocused to give the HIV/AIDS virus the most universally understandable clarity possible; to humanize and individualize the statistics by showing the faces and telling the personal stories of some of those who've been affected by HIV/AIDS..." Also photos of Rwanda. Based in Yorktown Heights, New York. http://www.humanitarianendeavors.com/

In Rwanda We Say...the Family That Does Not speak Dies: Video. "an intimate examination of whether, and how, people can overcome fear, hatred and deep emotional scars after genocide, to forge a common future." "Having confessed to their crimes, and having served the maximum sentence the Gacaca tribunals would eventually impose, perpetrators of appalling crimes are sent home to plow fields and fetch water alongside the people they victimized." From First Run / Icarus Films, Inc., based in Brooklyn, N.Y. http://frif.com/new2004/inrw.html

INCORE Guides to Sources on Conflict and Ethnicity: The Initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (INCORE), is a joint initiative of the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland and the United Nations University. INCORE has annotated guides to internet sources on conflict and ethnicity in Burundi, Rwanda (pub. 2001), Sudan, Uganda, and Zaire. http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/cds/countries/index.html

Inshuti: In Spanish, Catalan, French, English. The site is opposed to the present Rwanda government; it is based in Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. "At present our principal task is at the informative level, spreading news about what is happening in Great Lakes district of Africa, especially the genocide being perpetrated against the Hutu people." Has press releases, articles from many sources such as the Centre de Lutte contre l'Impunite et l'Injustice au Rwanda in Brussels, Belgium. http://www.inshuti.org/ or http://www2.minorisa.es/inshuti/

Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, INRS (Butare): List of their publications on the natural sciences, anthropology, archeology, the humanities. On the web site of the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Turvuren, Belgium. http://www.africamuseum.be/en/publi-inrs.html

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Co-chairs were Gareth Evans and Mohamed Sahnoun. Full text. (Pub. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC, 2001. 110 p. plus cd-rom) "The report's central theme is "The Responsibility to Protect", the idea that sovereign states have a responsibility to protect their own citizens from avoidable catastrophe, but that when they are unwilling or unable to do so, that responsibility must be borne by the broader community of states." Commission was established partly in response to the genocide in Rwanda. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/iciss-ciise/report-en.asp

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (Arusha, Tanzania): Official site. Biographies of judges, press releases, full text judgments, annual reports, transcripts, photographs, U.N.Radio broadcasts (need sound card, RealPlayer), etc. This United Nations tribunal handed down "the first-ever verdict on the crime of genocide by an international court" and imposed the "first-ever sentence for genocide." http://www.ictr.org/

International Crisis Group - Central Africa: The ICG is "a private, multinational organisation committed to strengthening the capacity of the international community to anticipate, understand and act to prevent and contain conflict." Has many full text reports on Central Africa (Burundi, the DRC, Rwanda). Based in Brussels, Belgium. http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/project.cfm?subtypeid=5

International Crisis Group - "Rwanda At The End of the Transition: A Necessary Political Liberalisation": Full text report, in Adobe pdf. 2002. 54 p. http://www.crisisweb.org/home/index.cfm?id=1555&l=1

International Crisis Group - "Rwandan Hutu Rebels in the Congo: a New Approach to Disarmament and Reintegration": Full text report. May 2003. In Adobe pdf. "The main Hutu rebel group to be disarmed, the FDLR, has many allies among the warlords and militias of eastern Congo. And until Rwanda moves towards greater political openness and reconciliation, they will not disarm. The fact that Rwanda and the Congo (DRC) have so far kept their military options open further diminishes prospects for disarmament and demobilisation of Rwandan rebels." Executive Summary. Press Release. [KF] http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid=979

International Crisis Group - "Uganda and Rwanda: Friends or Enemies?": Full text report published May 2000. In html or Adobe .pdf format. How two allies clashed over differences in approach to the Congo civil war. http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid=37

International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region / Réseau Documentaire International sur la Région des Grands Lacs Africains: In English and French. International inter-university program (based in Geneva, Switzerland) to collect "grey literature" on the economic, social, and political aspects of Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Congo-Kinshasa. The documents, on cd-rom, are sold thru subscription. http://www.grandslacs.net/home.html

International Rescue Committee (New York, N.Y.): An NGO which "helps people fleeing racial, religious and ethnic persecution, as well as those uprooted by war and violence." Describes their work in Eastern Africa, the Great Lakes region, West Africa. Has a summary and the full report (in PDF format) of "Mortality Study, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo" released June 2000. http://www.theirc.org/

The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience: The full-text in ASCII or Wordperfect of the print publication (1996) by the Steering Committee of the Joint Evalutation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, an international effort. The contents are:
Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors, Early Warning and Conflict Management, Humanitarian Aid and Effects, Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda, Synthesis Report. The International Response. http://www.ing.dk/danida/rwanda.html

Internews - United Nations War Crimes Tribunal for Rwanda: Daily coverage of the UN proceedings in Arusha, Tanzania, plus special reports.Internews (Arcata, California) is an international non-profit organization supporting independent media in emerging democracies. http://www.internews.org/activities/ICTR_reports/ICTR_reports.htm

Isaro: a Rwandan Culture Website: In French and English. Rwandan cultural site. Events, directory of Rwanda artists / cultural organizations. Includes Jean´Paul Samputu, the first Rwandan to win the ‘Kora Award’ for the "Most Promising African Male Artist". Site owned by PlanB Inc. based in Belgium. [KF] http://www.isaro.rw/

Journal of Humanitarian Assistance: A free e-journal based at the University of Bradford, Bradford, U.K. Has full text articles on Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire. Also articles on Somalia, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. http://www.jha.ac/

Keepers of Memory: Documentary film, by Eric Kabera, on the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. "Through eyewitness accounts...., Kabera takes the viewer on an emotional journey into the lives of the survivors and their work to preserve the memorials honoring the slain victims. The film focuses on the "keepers" of 6 main massacre sites and explores how Rwandans use the memorials to make peace with the past and sustain hope for the future." Produced by Link Media Production, Kigali, Rwanda. Distributed by Choices, Inc.
http://www.keepersofmemory.com/

Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management: "Born on November 1st 1997, officially inaugurated in April 1998, ..." Campus news, the Rector's Presentations, Graduation speeches, the Library, photographs (including Pres. Bill Clinton's visit), Based in Kigali. [KF] http://www.kist.ac.rw/

Kigali Public Library: "Rwanda's First Public Library" Initiated in 2000 by the Rotary Club of Kigali-Virunga, Rwanda. Support from American Friends of the Kigali Public Library (AFKPL), in Washington, DC, and Marshall Scholars for the Kigali Public Library (MSKPL). Based in Kigali. [KF] http://www.kigalilibrary.org/

Lemarchand (Rene) Collection: A detailed list of the contents of the Rene Lemarchand Collection on Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire, at the University of Florida Africana Library, prepared by Dr. Dan Reboussin. [Additional print material on the three countries is in the Rene Lemarchand Collection, Hoover Archives, Stanford University.] [KF] http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/lemarcha.htm

Magnarella Paul, "Is U.S. Cooperation with the U.N. Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Unconstitutional?": Article (5 pages) from the electronic quarterly, African Studies Quarterly, (Vol. 1, No. 4) produced by the University of Florida, African Studies Center. http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/4/6.htm

Mbele, Joseph L.: Dr. Mbele, from Tanzania, teaches folklore and literature in the English Department, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota. Site includes a commentary on the current politics of Rwanda; Mbele taught at the University of Burundi. [KF] http://www.stolaf.edu/people/mbele/

MEASURE DHS + - Demographic and Health Surveys: "data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs." Datasets for African countries. Rwanda statistics on female education, child health, profile of the education system. Types of information includes Characteristics of Households, Fertility, Fertility Regulation, Fertility Preferences, Early Childhood Mortality, Maternal and Child Health, Maternal and Child Nutrition, Aids and Other STD's. Reports on Nutrition in Young Children and Mothers (Rwanda) . Allows registered users to build custom tables from hundreds of surveys and indicators. DHS + is owned by Macro International (Calverton, Maryland). [KF] http://www.measuredhs.com/

Memory and History, Cape Town, Aug. 9-11, 2000: Memory and History : Remembering, Forgetting and Forgiving in the life of the Nation and the Community, An International Conference. Has papers online (some are in French). Topics include African Modes of Self-Writing, a memory exhibit for the Lubumbashi Museum, les Luba, Rwanda, Burundi, urban women in Lubumbashi, etc. Writers wishing to cite the content of papers in their own work need to request permission from the paper authors. [KF] http://www.fl.ulaval.ca/celat/histoire.memoire/histoire/confcapethm.htm

Michigan State. Rwanda Food Security Research Rroject: Many full text reports (agriculture, health, mortality, nutrition, agricultural statistics). Includes M.A. and Ph.d. theses. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/index.htm

Example -; Laurent, Munyankusi - Participation des organisations paysannes aux innovations agricoles et au developpement rural au Rwanda: cas de l’Impuyaki. Memoire, 2001. Full text in PDF. 153 p. M.S. Thesis submitted to the National University of Rwanda. On the site of Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Rwanda Food Security Research Project. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/Rwanda/laurent_thesis.pdf

Minority Rights Group International (London): Has a Horn of Africa Programme, publications, a newsletter, Outsider, with an article on the Batwa of Rwanda. http://www.minorityrights.org

Morrill, Constance F. - Reconciliation and the Gacaca: The Perceptions and Peace-Building Potential of Rwandan Youth Detainees: "The purpose of this report is to provide interested readers, including scholars, government officials, policymakers, NGO representatives and students with original research that uncovers the personal experiences and concerns of a handful of young Rwandan detainees who willingly shared strong feelings not only about their personal fates and frustrations, but intelligent observations and opinions about the Gacaca jurisdictions and the prospects for reconciliation in the country." An article posted at The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution, Fall 2004, Issue 6.1. http://www.cfmorrill.net/

Mouvement Démocratique Républicain: In French and Kinyarwanda. Rwanda political party. Its President Founder was Grégoire Kayibanda (1920-1976) who was also Rwanda's first President. Short news articles, an audio file of the national anthem and other songs, party history, history of Rwanda, a map showing the prefectures. Party was banned by the Rwanda govt. July 2003. [KF] http://www.mdrw.org/

Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale/Royal Museum for Central Africa: Site of the well-known museum in Tervuren, Belgium. Information on programs, exhibitions, publications, their Metafro InfoSys, "an on-line Web-based information system about the Belgian data resources related to Central Africa, including Angola, Burundi and Rwanda." http://www.africamuseum.be/

National Electoral Commission of Rwanda / Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'amatora: In Kinyarwanda, English, French. Election results, number of voters. Documents, resolutions, photographs. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. http://www.comelena.gov.rw/

National Film Board of Canada: Distributes 5 films, part of a Rwanda series, which includes Sitting on a Volcano, Hand of God, Hand of the Devil, Chronicle of a Genocide Foretold - Part 1: Blood Was Flowing Like a...., Chronicle of a Genocide Foretold - Part 2: We Were Cowards, Chronicle of a Genocide Foretold - Part 3: We Feel Betrayed. http://www.nfb.ca/

National Museum of Rwanda: http://www.museum.gov.rw/

National Security Archive. The U.S. and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994: Primary documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act .http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/index.html

National Security Archive (George Washington University) - The U.S. and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994, Evidence of Inaction: A National Security Archive Briefing Book, edited by William Ferroggiaro, August 20, 2001. Full text of sixteen declassified US government documents [in Adobe PDF] 'detailing how US policymakers chose to be 'bystanders' during the genocide that decimated Rwanda in 1994." http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/press.html

Nightline Ted Koppel - "Broken Soldier: A Peacekeeper's Nightmare": Full text of the Feb. 7, 2001 television interview of General Romeo d'Allaire, by Ted Koppel. Includes why the U.S. did not intervene. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/nightline/nightline/transcripts/nl010207_trans.html

Noublions-jamais: In French and Kinyarwanda, some English. Commentary on the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. "Ce site est dédié à la mémoire de ma famille, de mes amis et de tous les martyrs de l'apocalypse du Rwanda de 1994." Maintained by Arthémon Rurangwa. [KF] http://www.noublions-jamais.com/

Observatoire de l'Afrique Centrale: In French. News on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda. Includes articles on the situation of pygmies. Based in Montreal, Canada. [KF] http://www.obsac.com/

Office Rwandais d'Information, ORINFOR: In French and Kinyarwanda. Rwanda government information office. Information on Television Rwanda, the government newspapers, Imvaho Nshya, La Nouvelle Releve, Based in Kigali. [KF] http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/

Organization of African Unity. Iternational Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events: Full text of the report (293 pages), biographies, speeches, in pdf and in Word doc. The report calls for reparations by countries (U.S., France, Belgium) which ignored the genocide and criticizes the role of Catholic and Anglican churches. Chair: Sir Ketumile Masire (Botswana's former President). Members included General Amadou Toumani Touré (former Mali head of state), Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (former Liberian government minister), Stephen Lewis (former Canada's Permanent Representative to the U.N.). On the Suggsted Reading section of the Remembering Rwanda web site. http://www.visiontv.ca/RememberRwanda/index.html

See also article in Africa Recovery "OAU sets inquiry into Rwanda genocide" http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol12no1/rwanda.htm [KF]

Peress, Gilles - Images, Reality, and the Curse of History: 1997 interview with Peress, a photographer in Rwanda and Bosnia, author of the book, The Silence, (New York, 1995) on the 1994 genocide. Includes a chat with middle school students. Part of the Conversations with History series from the Univ. of California, Berkeley, Institute of International Studies. [KF] http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/Peress/peress-con0.html

Pomfret, John - Covering Human Rights: 1997 interview with Pomfret, a foreign correspondent for the Washington Post. Covers reporting about Congo (Kinshasa) and Rwanda. Part of the Conversations with History series from the Institute of International Studies, Univ. of California, Berkeley. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Pomfret/

Pontzeele, Sophie - Burundi 1972 / Rwanda 1994 : l' « efficacité » dramatique d'une reconstruction idéologique du passé par la presse.: In French. Th. doct. : Changement social : Lille 1 : 2004. Lille (France) : USTL, 2004. - 529 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Résumé. - Bibliogr. : p. 418-426.
Full text of the doctoral thesis. 529 pages, in PDF. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50377-2004-8-9.pdf

Power, Samantha - Bystanders to Genocide. Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen: "The author's exclusive interviews with scores of the participants in the decision-making, together with her analysis of newly declassified documents, yield a chilling narrative of self-serving caution and flaccid will—and countless missed opportunities to mitigate a colossal crime." On-line article in The Atlantic Monthly, September 2001. http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/09/power.htm

Prunier, Gerard - Burundi: Descent into Chaos or a Manageable Crisis?: 33 page paper on the history of Burundi from 1850 to the early 1990s. A WHITENET country paper on the UN High Commission for Refugees web site. For other UNHCR reports use the Search. [KF] http://www.unhcr.ch/

Public Broadcasting Corporation - Jim Lehrer News Hour: Has transcripts of broadcasts on Rwanda. For those with sound cards has a RealAudio version as well. The site has a keyword search facility. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/africa.html

R94.org: In French. Articles mainly on Rwanda. Mentions also Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Videos from Frontline and other sources. Includes articles regarding protests against Rwanda's President Kagame. Site owned by Muh Medias Ltd., based in Canada. http://www.r94.org

Ralliement pour l'Unité et la Démocratie / Rally for Unity and Democracy (RUD-Urunana): "a Politico-Military Party opposed to the Paul Kagame government. Its President is Professor Jean Marie Vianney Higiro and the Secretary General is Dr. Felicien Kanyamibwa, both residing in USA. The spokesperson is Dr. Augustine Dukuze who is in Canada. The fighters and military commanders are based in and around Rwanda. It has recently allied itself with a new politico-military party, the Rally for the Rwandan People (RPR) formed by former Rwandan Patrioric Army officers and based inside Rwanda. RPR spokesperson is Commander David Sano." http://www.rud-Urunana.org

Rassemblement pour le Retour des Refugies et la Democratie au Rwanda / Rally for the Return of Refugees and Democracy in Rwanda: "Le RDR réaffirme sa condamnation du génocide commis contre les Tutsi. Il renouvelle sa condamnation du génocide, toujours en cours, contre les Hutu." "The RDR reiterates its appeal to the International Community - to strongly condemn the Hutu genocide being carried out by the RPF regime." The RDR President is François Nzabahimana. Branch based in Belgium. [KF] http://www.rdrwanda.org/

Rassemblement Républicain pour la Démocratie au Rwanda: In French, English, Kinyarwanda. Opposition political party. "le RDR est membre des FDU-UDF Inkingi, un cadre politique unifié de l'opposition démocratique rwandaise." http://www.rdrwanda.org/

Rassemblement Républicain pour la Démocratie au Rwanda (Bonn, Germany Branch): In English, German and French. "Die RDR ist eine politische Organisation, die sich für eine pluralistische Demokratie und für die strenge Beachtung der Grundrechte in Ruanda einsetzt." Has issues online of their bulletin, Forum Rwandaise. Office in the Netherlands. Branch based in Bonn, Germany. [KF] http://mitglied.lycos.de/RDR/

Refugees International: The organization, founded in 1979, serves as an advocate for refugees. Conducts emergency missions, is privately funded. Information on Burundi, Rwanda, food shortages in Central Africa. [KF] http://www.refugeesinternational.org/

Remembering Rwanda. The Rwanda 10th Anniversary Memorial Project: In English and French. "The year 2004 will mark a decade since the Rwandan genocide of April-July 1994." Historical chronology from 1896, directory of commemorative events world-wide, photographs of the trials, orphans, a memorial, extensive documents in the Suggested Readings. Project coordinated by Dr. Gerald Caplan, Carole Ann Reed, and Louise Mushikiwabo. On the web site of Vision TV a non-profit Canadian cable TV station. [KF] http://www.visiontv.ca/RememberRwanda/main_pf.htm

Reporters Without Borders - Rwanda 2003 Annual Report: Situation of Rwanda journalists and press freedom. Reporters Without Borders / Reporters sans frontières
is based in Paris, France. http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=6437

Republic of Rwanda.com: Not a government site. "Republic of Rwanda aims to provide updated information about Rwanda's people, places and news. Launched by a Rwandan university student, Mukaruginiza Tessa, and her American boyfriend, Brian Luedke, who teaches English in Kigali." (formerly lafrique.com). A dowry ceremony, photographs. Photographs and articles about Burundi and the University of Burundi. [KF] http://www.republicofrwanda.com

RUGO, Rwanda United Kingdom Goodwill Organisation: Provides education, training for Rwanda. http://www.rugo.org/index.shtml

Rutagarama, Eugene - Goldman Environmental Prize 2001: Mr. Rutagara "risked his life and reached out across ethnic and political boundaries to preserve precious habitat for [Rwanda's Volcano National Park's] 355 mountain gorillas, about half the number remaining worldwide." The Goldman Prize, the world's largest prize program honoring grassroots environmentalists, is based in San Francisco, CA. http://www.goldmanprize.org

Rwanda 1994 Genocide: In French. A history of Rwanda and the 1994 genocide. Includes a chronologie. Maintained by Michel Ognier. http://perso.wanadoo.fr/rwanda94/

Rwanda 2000: In French. Contains full text letters, analyses, memos, journal articles, reports (by Filip Reyntjens, Professeur aux Universités d'Anvers et de Bruxelles, etc). Has publications of the UFDR, Union des Forces Democratiques Rwandaises, which is opposed to the present Rwanda government, and a discussion forum in French and Kinyarwanda. Maintained by R. Monfort. [KF] http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/3643/ufdra.html

Rwanda Cinema Center: "created to facilitate through film and video production, delivery of informative entertaining and educative content; to explore a wide spectrum of issues and raise awareness on local and global development
agendas;...." Sponsored the first Rwanda Film Festival. Facilitated production of the Rwandan films, 100 DAYS and Keepers of Memory. Articles about Hotel Rwanda and other films. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. http://www.rwandacinemacenter.org

Rwanda Commemoration Project: Genocide in Our Time: Site from the American University, Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. Has a resource booklet, with programming ideas, substantive issues of discussion, and a resource list (including web sites) for those wishing to hold commemorations. http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda

Rwanda Constitution: From the Hamburg University (Germany) International Constitutional Law project on comparative jurisprudence. Contains the full text of the 1991 Constitution.
Hamburg site (difficult to access): http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/rw__indx.html
Mirror site at Cornell: http://www.law.cornell.edu/law/rw__indx.html

Rwanda. Department of Information: Official Site. Very recent and older press releases. http://www.gov.rw/government/newsupdate.htm

Rwanda Development Gateway: In English, French, Kinyarwanda. Facts about all aspects of Rwanda, map, database of NGOs. Has the draft document on the May 2005 National Conference on Science, Technology, Scientific Research and Innovation at UNR-Butare, in PDF (79 pages). Based in Butare, Rwanda. [KF] http://www.rwandagateway.org/

Rwanda Development Trust: Set up in 1994 to aid Rwandans inside Rwanda on projects they initiate themselves. Projects include assistance to Kigali Hospital, Remera Academy, and to Avega-Agahozo, a program helping widows reclaim land. Based in Bromley, Kent, U.K. http://www.charitynet.org/~rwanda-dt/

Rwanda. Embassy. United Kingdom: Gerneral information about Rwanda, the Embassy's newsletter, tourism, investment information, visas, on the genocide including the full text of the United Nations 1999 "Report of the independent inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda." [KF] http://www.ambarwanda.org.uk/

Rwanda. Embassy. United States: Government, country information including a history, visa and travel information, etc. http://www.rwandemb.org/

Rwanda. Government: Official site. Government news, press releases (January 10, 2002 ICT development plan launched, etc.), the President's speeches, biography, country history, etc. Based in Kigali, Rwanda. http://www.gov.rw/

Rwanda Hope - Leonard Uwiringiyimana: "...an international pacifist organization of concerned people..." Articles and personal accounts by refugees. Includes a 1994 letter from Godfrey L. Binaisa, "The demise of International Law in the African Great Lakes Crisis: Causes, perspectives, and Responsibilities" by John Philpot, a Sept. 1996 Kigali Press Conference by U.S. Congressman Harry Johnston, "Goma/Bukavu: Testimony of a direct eye witness, Jan. 1997", "Countdown to a bloodbath", by Adrian Hastings, historical information, etc. Maintained by Leonard Uwiringiyimana. [KF] http://www.udayton.edu/~rwanda

Rwanda Information Exchange: In English and French. "...information on Rwanda from various sources including communications from Governments, NGO's and Friends of Rwanda, as well as from individuals interested in Rwanda." News, sports relating to Rwanda. "an independent site created in New York in 1995, ........a window into Rwanda and other countries of the Great Lakes Region." http://www.rwanda.net/

Rwanda Investment Promotion Agency: Official site. http://www.rwandainvest.com/

Rwanda. Ministere de l'Education - Etude du Secteur de l'Education au Rwanda: 259 pages in PDF. Includes a map. On the web site of UNESCO Documents and Publications. [KF] http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001121/112128F.pdf

Rwanda. Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Scientific Research / Ministère de l’Education, de la Science , de la Technologie et de la Recherche Scientifique: In French, English, Kinyarwanda. Official site. Includes education statistics, Ministry news, speeches, full text documents (such as the Education for All Plan of Action). [KF] http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/

Rwanda. Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning: Online budgets, consumer price indices, information for investors, poverty reduction strategy, Bulletin statistique du commerce extérieur, Rwanda en chiffres 2001 (in PDF), etc. [KF] http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/

Rwanda. Ministry of Justice: In English, French, Kinyarwanda. http://www.minijust.gov.rw/

Rwanda. Ministry of Local Government, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs: In English, French, Kinyarwanda. Has full text documents. http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/

Rwanda. National Assembly / Assemblée Nationale de Transition: In English and French. Created November 25,1994, members are from "political parties which did not participate in the genocide: RPF, MDR, PDC, PDI, PL, PSD, PSR, UDPR and representatives of the Rwandese Patriotic Army." Information on Assembly Members, legislative procedures, summary of proceedings, the Agenda, contact information for Assembly officers, full text of the Constitution. [KF] http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw

Rwanda. Office de l'Auditeur Général des Finances de l'Etat: In French, English, Kinyarwanda. Full text of the Annual Reports. Based in Kigali. http://www.oag.gov.rw/

Rwanda. Office Rwandais des Recettes / Rwanda Revenue Authority
: In English and French. "The Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) is a quasi-autonomous central body charged with the tasks of assessment, collection and accounting for tax, customs and other specified revenues, and for administering and enforcing the laws relating to those revenues." Has a list of large tax payers, the Vat Guide, import duty, the Corporate Planm etc. [KF] http://www.rra.gov.rw/

Rwandanet: Discussion on Rwanda. To subscribe, send e-mail to: listproc@msstate.edu
In the message area, put: subscribe rwandanet YourFirstName YourLastName

RwandaNet: In French. Hosts Rwanda Liberation - an independent monthly from Kigali. Has news on Rwanda, how to count in Kinyarwanda, documents (articles from Rwanda Liberation on labor, the number killed, by commune, in the 1994 genocide, excerpts from the French National Assembly Mission d'information sur le Rwanda report), children's corner (puzzles, story in French). Maintained by Jean-Luc Chavanieux. [KF] http://rwanda.free.fr/

Rwanda Online: Very good directory of Rwanda web sites, news and e-cards. The site owner is Multiart GmbH, Markus Stark, Solothurn, Switzerland. http://www.rwanda-online.org

Rwanda Page: This page no longer exists. It was maintained by Mathias Cyamukungu and J-M Wattecamps. http://mickey.interpac.be/rwanda/

Rwanda Rugali: In French and Kinyarwanda. Political cartoons, news on health, politics, genocide, justice, the press, the Rwanda diaspora. http://rwandarugali.tripod.com/rwanda/id377.html

Rwanda Rugari: In French and Kinyarwanda. Political cartoons. http://rwandarugari.tripod.com/

Rwanda School of Public Health: In French and English. The School provides a public health post graduate program at the University of Rwanda (NUR). http://www.espnur.org

RwandaTel S.A.: The telecommunications and internet service provider in Rwanda. http://www.rwanda1.com/

Rwanda. Tourism: Official site. Tourist attractions, tour operators, hotels, articles (such as on mountain gorillas), photographs, links to other Rwanda sites. Web site based in Switzerland. [KF] http://www.rwandatourism.com/

Rwanda Web Ring: In French. Web sites about Rwanda. http://rwanda.free.fr/webring.htm

Samputu's World: In French. Site of Rwandan musician, Jean 'Paul Samputu, winner of the 2003 Kora Award for the Most Promising African Male Artist. Biography, discography. Based in Namur, Belgium. [KF] http://www.samputu.com

Sehene, Benjamin: In French. Site for the writer who "had to flee Rwanda [in 1963], went to school in Uganda, then to Europe." Biography, photographs. A bibliography of books and films on Rwanda with comments by Sehene. A historical chronology to 1994. http://www.benjaminsehene.com/index.htm

Shake Hands with the Devil: Film named for Roméo Dallaire's book. About his first return trip to Rwanda, in April 2004 - the 10th anniversary of the genocide. Won an Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival. See also California Newsreel. [KF] http://www.whitepinepictures.com/dallairesite/

Sibomana: List closed May 27, 2000 per owner - "La présente a pour objet de vous informer que ladite liste a été fermée pour des raisons de sécurité. J'ai en effet reçu des menaces qui provenaient de quelqu'un dont le nom est rwandais."E-mail list for Rwanda news, some discussion, mainly in French. List maintained by Jean Bosco Sibomana. [KF] http://Sibomana.Listbot.com

Sometimes in April: HBO TV Film directed and written by Haitian director, Raoul Peck, on the Rwanda genocide. "the story of Hutu Captain Augustin Muganza, who is forced to relive the genocide when he receives a letter from his brother detained in Arusha, Tanzania, for his role as a broadcaster at an extremist radio station that spurred on the killings with hate propaganda."
Human Rights Watch 2005 Film Festival - http://www.hrw.org/iff/2005/london/films.html#sometimes_in_april; Interview with HBO executive Sam Martin - http://www.hbo.com/films/news/sam_martin_1.html
South Africa's News 24 - http://www.news24.com/News24/AnanziArticle/0,,2-11-1447_1493943,00.html; Internet Movie Database - http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0400063/

Survivors Fund (SURF): "a UK based charity (NGO) registered with the Charities Commission for England and Wales, Charity No. 1605705, working exclusively to support survivors of the genocide in Rwanda, both here and in Rwanda." Brief history of Rwanda and the genocide, description of projects, survivor testimonies. Based in London. http://www.survivors-fund.org.uk

Swiss Peace. FAST Early Warning System - Rwanda: Has risk assessment, conflict analysis reports by René Lemarchand. Reports are c. 7-9 pages, in Adobe pdf. Swiss Peace is a peace research institute founded in 1988. "FAST aims at enhancing the political decision makers' ability to identify critical developments in a timely manner [to] ......prevent or limit destructive effects of violent conflict..." http://www.swisspeace.org/fast/afrika_rwanda.htm

Terracom: Rwanda telecom provider (internet service, phone, TV programs). "we are the first country in Africa to implement a Passive Optical Fiber Network." Are "providing over 400 secondary schools in Rwanda with high speed (300k+) internet access and phone service." Facilitates e-government. Based in Rwanda. http://www.terracom.rw/

Through the Eyes of Children. The Rwanda Project: "began as a photographic workshop in 2000, conceived by photographer, David Jiranek, and inspired by the founder of the Imbabazi Orphanage, Rosamond Carr - an American woman living in Rwanda for over 50 years. Using disposable cameras, the children originally took pictures for themselves and to share with others..." Biographies of each of the "photographer" children, articles on the project.. Purchase individual prints or a set of 13; sales assist the children. http://www.rwandaproject.org/

Track Two - "Handling the Great Lakes Crisis": Full text articles from Vol. 6 No. 1 April 1997, quarterly publication of the Centre for Conflict Resolution and the Media Peace Centre, Univ. of Cape Town. http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/two/2/index.html

Twagiramungu, Faustin: In French and English. Site for 2003 Presidential candidate, Faustin Twagiramungu. His political / economic program, interviews, articles, communiques, country's history, news, a guest book, etc. Web site based in Bruxelles, Belgium. [CA - KF] http://www.twagiramungu.net/

Ubutabera "Independent Newsletter on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.": In French. Full text issues in pdf format. Published by Intermedia in Arusha, Tanzania. http://www.grandslacs.net/html/tm/pressfaz.html

Union des Forces Démocratiques Rwandaises, UFDR / Union of Rwandese Democratic Forces: In English, French, Kinyarwanda. Members of the UFDR include the Rassemblement pour le Retour des Réfugiés et la Démocratie au Rwanda, Rally for the Return of Refugees and Democracy in Rwanda, RDR. Press releases , political program. Web site based in Brussels, Belgium. [KF] http://www.ufdr.org

United Nations. Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. 15 December 1999: Report chaired by Ingvar Carlsson, which was critical of the role of the United Nations, the U.S., Belgium, and France in the 1994 genocide. U.N. April 14, 2000 press release about the report. On the University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K. web site. http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/documents/RwandaReport1.htm

United Nations Development Programme - Rwanda: http://www.unrwanda.org/

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Rwanda Reports: Has many full text reports. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/country/rwanda.htm

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees - Crisis in the Great Lakes: Full text articles from the No. 110, winter 1997 issue of Refugees magazine. Includes a chronology. Use the Search and restrict to Publications. For other UNHCR reports use the Search. [KF] http://www.unhcr.ch/pubs/rm110/rm110toc.htm

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Chiefs of State & Cabinet Members - Rwanda: Provides a list of the President, Cabinet members, the Governor of the Central Bank, the country's Ambassador to the U.S., and its U.N. Representative. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-r/rwanda.html

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook - Rwanda: Has a map, information on geography, people, government, economy, transportation, communication, defense. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html

U.S. Department of State. Report on Human Rights Practices - Rwanda: 2006 Report, 2005 Report, 2004 Report, 2003 Report, 2002 Report, 2001 Report, 2000 Report, 1999 Report, 1998 Report, 1997 Report, 1996 Report, 1995, 1994, 1993: http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/hrp_reports_mainhp.html

United States. Embassy. Rwanda (Kigali): Profile of the U.S. Ambassador, public holidays, Rwanda - Consular Information Sheet (information to travelers to Rwanda), Rwanda response regarding Sept. 11, etc. Holidays observed. http://kigali.usembassy.gov/

Universite Libre de Kigali: In French and English. "Kigali Independent University is a higher institution of learning...created on 15th March, 1996 by the Rwandan Association for the Promotion of Education and Culture (ARPEC)." It has three faculties - The Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management,.The Faculty of Social Sciences with 3 departments (Sociology, Administration, Demography), and the Faculty of Law. "ULK has recently been accepted by the ''Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie'' (AUF) as a full member (with all rights)." [KF] http://www.ulk.ac.rw/

Universite Nationale du Rwanda / National University of Rwanda (Butare, Rwanda): In French and English. University history, the Research Committee (e-mail: research@nur.ac.rw), information on the town of Butare, the Faculties, the Centre de gestion des conflits / Centre for Conflict Management, the Centre de recherche et d'information en socio-economie rurale, the Centre Universitaire des Arts, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Contemporaines en Sciences Humaines (CERCOSH), etc. [KF] http://www.nur.ac.rw/

Université Nationale du Rwanda. Centre de gestion des conflits / National University of Rwanda. Centre for Conflict Management (CCM): "an action research centre at the National University of Rwanda, dedicated to the management of the Rwandan conflict through social dissemination of university research results on overcoming conflicts in form of educational tools, action policy papers, advisory and consultation services." Publishes Cahiers. [KF] http://www.ccmrwanda.org/

Université Nationale du Rwanda. University Center of Arts and Drama: "the University Center for Arts aims at dynamising arts and culture, in order to bring its contribution to the strategies of reconciliation, peace and national unity. Moreover, it will promote the international extension of Rwandan culture." Based in Butare, Rwanda. [KF] http://www.nur.ac.rw/artcenter1.htm

University of Pennsylvania Rwanda Page: U.S. C.I.A maps, embassies, travel, language information, etc. Created by Julie Sisskind, now maintained by Ali Dinar. UPenn's vast African studies web site now has a keyword search engine.
Rwanda Page: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Rwanda.html
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/Search/AS-search.html

Volcanoes in Africa: Has photos of volcanoes in Rwanda, and other countries. Each entry has references to articles. One can search issues of the Bulletin of Volcanology by keyword. Located on the Volcano World site which is designed to distribute remote sensing data to non-technical users.
African volcanoes: http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/africa/africa.html
Volcano World: http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html

Washington Office on Africa / Africa Policy Information Center: The Washington Office on Africa, Africa Policy Information Centera non-profit advocacy organization, has reports from 1995-1997 on Rwanda. There is a keyword search facility. They have a mailing list or reports covering the continent. To get on their mailing list write to: woa@igc.apc.org

Willum.com: Articles on Rwandan politics originally published in the Danish publication, Aktuelt, by free-lance journalists, Gunnar Willum and Bjørn Willum. [Site likes to set cookies.] http://www.willum.com

Witness to Genocide: Children of Rwanda. Edited by Richard A. Salem: (New York : Friendship Press, c2000. 48 pages. Foreword by Hillary Rodham Clinton.) One page on the book which "tells the story of the 1994 Rwanda genocide through drawings by its child survivors." http://www.cmi-salem.org/witness.htm

Women Waging Peace (Cambridge, Massachusetts): "Women Waging Peace advocates for the full participation of women in formal and informal peace processes around the world." See the Africa section with case studies: From Combat to Community: Women and Girls of Sierra Leone and Strengthening Governance: The Role of Women in Rwanda's Transition. Profiles of African Women Peace Builders. Other reports: Policy Commission Case Study—Negotiating the Transition to Democracy and Reforming the Security Sector: Vital Contributions of South African Women. Directory of African Women's peace building organizations. [KF] http://www.womenwagingpeace.net/content/regions/africa.asp

Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (New York, NY): Their Fall 2000 Newsletter has articles on the Lord Resistance Army (Uganda) and on Burundi. They issue press releases (Burundi, Uganda), have an online slideshow from a 2000 Rwanda Delegation Trip. http://www.womenscommission.org/; Has full text reports -
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Conflict and Displacement in Burundi (in Adobe PDF, 52 p. Oct. 2000)
A Child's Nightmare: Burundian Children at Risk. Report of Women's Commission delegation visit to Burundi/Tanzania border camp to investigate the situation for refugee children. (February 1998)
Rebuilding Rwanda: A Struggle Men Can Not Do Alone (in Adobe PDF, Jan. 2000)
Rwanda's Women and Children: The Long Road to Reconciliation (Sept. 1997)

		© 2008 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved.
Please send corrections to Karen Fung.